Mice were injected with neutralizing Abs to IL-4 or isotype controls 1 hour prior to each α-GalCer administration. Histopathological examination was measured 2 weeks after the last α-GalCer administration. (A) The expression of Mmp-12 in lung tissues was analyzed by quantitative RT-PCR. (B) The expression of Mmp-12 in lung macrophages was analyzed by quantitative RT-PCR. (C) The mean linear intercept of the alveolar septa was measured. (D) The absolute numbers of macrophages, neutrophils, eosinophils, and lymphocytes were measured. Mac, macrophage; Lym, lymphocyte; Neu, neutrophil; Eos, eosinophil. (E) The expression of Muc5ac in lung tissues was detected by quantitative RT-PCR. n = 9–16 mice for each group. *, p<0.05; **, p<0.01; ***, p<0.001 using Mann-Whitney U test.