Skip to main content
. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2017 Jan 2.
Published in final edited form as: Virus Res. 2015 Jul 26;212:114–126. doi: 10.1016/j.virusres.2015.07.023

Figure 3. NRON indirectly regulates the transcription of HIV.

Figure 3

The lncRNA NRON sequesters multiple proteins including a calmodulin-binding protein (IQGAP1), nuclear transport factor (KPNB1), phosphatase (PPP2R1A), and the proteasome (PSMD11), and thereby regulates the subcellular localization of NFAT. NFAT promotes HIV transcriptional activity through its binding to the 5′LTR. NRON is able to regulate NFAT activity by either enabling or inhibiting its nuclear transport. In early stage viral infection, Nef inhibits NRON and thus promotes the activity NFAT which consequently upregulates HIV transcription. Expression of Vpu later in viral infection induces expression of NRON, which then inhibits NFAT activity, and as such, inhibits viral transcription.