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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2017 May 15.
Published in final edited form as: Biol Psychiatry. 2015 Jul 26;79(10):803–813. doi: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2015.07.010

Figure 1. Acute stress in stress-sensitized (SS) mice caused re-establishment of anxiety-like behavior that was associated with release monocytes from the spleen.

Figure 1

A) Male C57BL/6 mice were stress-sensitized (SS) by 6 repeated cycles of social defeat or left undisturbed as controls (Naïve). Mice were subjected to acute social defeat 24 days later and anxiety-like behavior and biochemical analyses were completed 14 h later. Stress-Sensitized mice exposed to acute social defeat exhibited anxiety-like behavior in the open field with B) increased time to enter the center (interaction, F1,42=4.52, p<0.05) and C) reduced time spent in the center (tendency for interaction, F1,44=2.98, p<0.10). D) Acute social defeat in SS mice increased percentage of macrophages associated with the brain (interaction, F1,21=8.22, p<0.05) and E) increased Ly6Chi monocytes in circulation (main effect of SS, F1,19=4.47, p≤0.05; tendency for interaction, F1,19=2.67, p≤0.1). F) Several inflammatory mediators were determined in a coronal brain section and acute social defeat increased mRNA expression of IL-1β in SS mice (F1,36=10.55, p<0.01; interaction, F1,36=3.66, p≤0.05), CCL2 (F1,36=5.42, p<0.05), TNF (interaction, F1,39=4.23, p<0.05), and CD14 (interaction, F1,39=4.46, p<0.05). The relative number of Ly6Chi monocytes was determined in the G) spleen and H) bone marrow. Acute stress reduced the number of monocytes in both the spleen (interaction, F1,18=8.35, p≤0.01) and bone marrow (interaction, F1,18=9.82, p≤0.01) of SS mice. I) Spleen weight was determined and shown as a percentage of body mass. Bars represent the mean ± SEM. Means with asterisk (*) are significantly different from CON (p<0.05) according to F-protected post hoc analysis.