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. 2016 Jan 6;5(1):72–82. doi: 10.1242/bio.012922

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© 2016. Published by The Company of Biologists Ltd

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium provided that the original work is properly attributed.

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Fig. 2. — Example trial segment. (A) ≈580 ms (14.5 wingbeat) segment of midstroke body and wing kinematic data from a representative trial segment. This segment begins with a lateral deceleration followed by an acceleration in the opposite direction. (B-D) Estimated contribution of moth wing and body kinematics to ÿ, z̈, and , respectively. ÿ, , and z̈ are in bold black, plotted against the independent variables from Eqns 1-3 after they are first multiplied by the estimated coefficients from the best linear mixed model of each orientation derivative. These coefficients are the same as those in Tables 1-2, and estimated from the entire data set. The plots show data at only midstrokes. Upstrokes are denoted by plain dots, while downstrokes are denoted by a different character for each measured variable.

Inline graphic — Example trial segment. (A) ≈580 ms (14.5 wingbeat) segment of midstroke body and wing kinematic data from a representative trial segment. This segment begins with a lateral deceleration followed by an acceleration in the opposite direction. (B-D) Estimated contribution of moth wing and body kinematics to ÿ, z̈, and , respectively. ÿ, , and z̈ are in bold black, plotted against the independent variables from Eqns 1-3 after they are first multiplied by the estimated coefficients from the best linear mixed model of each orientation derivative. These coefficients are the same as those in Tables 1-2, and estimated from the entire data set. The plots show data at only midstrokes. Upstrokes are denoted by plain dots, while downstrokes are denoted by a different character for each measured variable.