Fig. 3.

DM1 model flies displayed systolic and diastolic dysfunction, decreased diastolic diameter and contractility defects. Flies expressing long CUG repeats showed reduced heart rate [HR, A; expressed in beats per second (BPS)], increased diastolic (DI, B) and systolic (SI, C) intervals, reduced fractional shortening (FS, D), and decreased end diastolic diameter (EDD, E). The reduced contractility did not affect the end systolic diameter (ESD, F), which was not significantly different from controls. Short-repeat-expressing flies displayed an increased SI in comparison to control flies and had a reduced ESD and EDD, without any alteration of FS, suggesting that they have no contractility alteration. Graph bars show mean values and their standard errors (n used was between 14 and 29). *P<0.05, **P<0.01, ***P<0.001, ns, not significant.