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NMII determines stem cell fate. Pluripotent stem cells are cultured in the presence of the ROCK inhibitor Y-27632 to prevent apoptosis (Chen et al., 2010; Watanabe et al., 2007). NMII activity directs the differentiation of stem cells to specific tissue lineages: decreased NMII activity leads to neuronal fates, whereas increased NMII activity promotes the formation of stiffer tissues, such as muscle and bone (Engler et al., 2006; Seo et al., 2014; Wang et al., 2013b).
