Table 4.
Ant genera containing venom alkaloids.
| Subfamily | Ant Genus | Structural Family | Trivial Name | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Myrmicinae | Atta Acromyrmex | Pyrroles | Trail pheromone | [132] |
| Messor | Pyridines | Anabaseine Anabasine | [133,134] | |
| Aphaenogaster | Pyridines | Anabaseine | [135] | |
| Megalomyrmex | Pyrrolidines Pyrrolines Pyrrolizidines |
- | [136] | |
| Monomorium | Farnesylamine Pyrrolidines Indolizidines |
Monomorines (trail pheromones) |
[137] | |
| Myrmicaria | Polycyclic indolizidines Pyrrolo-indolizidines |
Myrmicarins | [138] | |
| Solenopsis | Piperidine and piperideine Dialkylpyrrolidines and Pirrolines Indolizidines | Solenopsins Histrionicotoxins Gephyrotoxin | [139,140,141] | |
| Carebarella 1 | Pyrrolidines | Histrionicotoxins Gephyrotoxin | [142] | |
|
Leptothorax Harpagoxenus |
Alkylpyrrolidines | – | [143] | |
| Formicinae |
Nylanderia Brachymyrmex |
Alkyl-hydroxyl-indolizidines | Pumiliotoxins 2 | [144] |
| Pseudomyrmecinae | Tetraponera | Pyrimidines | Tetraponerines | [145] |
1 This genus has been very recently incorporated within Solenopsis [146]; 2 Pumiliotoxins are important alkaloids isolated from mixed whole ant extracts of other groups, but as yet it is unknown whether these alkaloids come from the venom apparatus.