Table 2.
Plasma phospholipid fatty acid composition (% total fatty acids) of Sprague Dawley rats fed standard laboratory diet (Control) or diets supplemented with 1, 3 or 5% Echium oil (EO-1, EO-3 or EO-5) or Fish oil (FO-1, FO-3 or FO-5).
| Echium Oil | Fish Oil | Significant Effect | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Fatty Acids | Control | EO-1 | EO-3 | EO-5 | FO-1 | FO-3 | FO-5 | Oil | Dose | Oil × Dose |
| C16:0 | 19.4 ± 0.90 | 20.1 ± 0.91 | 18.77 ± 0.84 | 18.36 ± 0.66 | 19.12 ± 0.43 | 20.24 ± 0.38 | 20.37 ± 0.92 | ns | ns | ns |
| C16:1n-9 | 1.9 ± 0.40 b | 1.1 ± 0.13 a | 1.2 ± 0.28 a | 1.0 ± 0.18 a | 1.4 ± 0.15 a | 1.7 ± 0.14 b | 1.90.13 b | 0.003 | ns | ns |
| C18:0 | 14.8 ± 0.60 b | 12.5 ± 0.57 a | 12.1 ± 1.04 a | 13.3 ± 1.09 a | 14.9 ± 0.71 b | 14.6 ± 0.87 b | 15.1 ± 0.72 b | 0.012 | ns | ns |
| C18:1n-9 | 17.2 ± 0.77 | 18.5 ± 0.29 | 18.0 ± 1.16 | 17.6 ± 0.56 | 18.6 ± 0.44 | 18.6 ± 0.57 | 16.9 ± 0.56 | ns | ns | ns |
| C18:1n-7 | 5.6 ± 0.37 b | 4.2 ± 0.71 a | 3.2 ± 0.43 a | 3.3 ± 0.18 a | 5.3 ± 0.24 a,b | 5.1 ± 0.39 b | 4.7 ± 0.27 a,b | <0.001 | ns | ns |
| C18:2n-6 (LA) | 20.4 ± 0.71 a,b | 21.0 ± 0.14 a,b | 20.0 ± 0.62 a,b | 19.2 ± 1.09 a | 21.7 ± 0.54 b | 19.5 ± 0.48 a,b | 18.3 ± 0.42 a | ns | 0.018 | ns |
| C18:3n-3 (ALA) | 0.0 ± 0.00 a | 1.3 ± 0.29 b | 2.6 ± 0.57 b,c | 3.1 ± 0.41 c | 0.0 ± 0.00 a | 0.0 ± 0.00 a | 0.0 ± 0.00 a | <0.001 | ns | ns |
| C18:4n-3 (SDA) | nd | nd | nd | nd | nd | nd | nd | |||
| C20:0 | 2.5 ± 0.36 | 1.9 ± 0.82 | 2.1 ± 0.64 | 2.7 ± 0.57 | 1.9 ± 0.33 | 2.0 ± 0.40 | 2.5 ± 0.38 | ns | ns | ns |
| C20:2n-6 | nd | nd | nd | nd | nd | nd | nd | |||
| C20:3n-6 | 0.7 ± 0.06 | 0.7 ± 0.02 | 1.0 ± 0.07 | 0.9 ± 0.10 | 0.7 ± 0.08 | 0.8 ± 0.09 | 0.6 ± 0.07 | ns | ns | ns |
| C20:4n-6 (ARA) | 16.2 ± 1.66 a,b | 16.0 ± 2.16 a,b | 17.6 ± 2.66 a,b | 17.3 ± 1.12 b | 13.1 ± 0.84 a,b | 11.1 ± 0.39 a | 11.8 ± 1.20 a,b | 0.027 | ns | ns |
| C20:5n-3 (EPA) | 0.2 ± 0.13 a | 0.7 ± 0.06 a,b | 1.3 ± 0.06 b | 1.3 ± 0.07 b | 0.8 ± 0.03 b | 2.0 ± 0.23 c | 2.7 ± 0.08 d | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 |
| C24:0 | nd | nd | nd | nd | nd | nd | nd | |||
| C22:5n-3 (DPA) | 0.0 ± 0.00 a | 0.5 ± 0.13 b | 0.9 ± 0.13 b | 0.8 ± 0.12 b | 0.0 ± 0.00 a | 0.0 ± 0.00 a | 0.0 ± 0.00 a | <0.001 | ns | ns |
| C22:6n-3 (DHA) | 1.1 ± 0.09 a | 1.4 ± 0.28 a,b | 1.4 ± 0.11 a | 1.1 ± 0.15 a | 2.6 ± 0.28 b | 4.5 ± 0.26 c | 5.2 ± 0.53 c | <0.001 | 0.001 | <0.001 |
| Total n-3 PUFA | 1.3 ± 0.10 a | 2.7 ± 0.60 a,b | 3.6 ± 0.22 b | 3.2 ± 0.30 b | 3.4 ± 0.29 b | 6.5 ± 0.48 c | 7.9 ± 0.52 c | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 |
| Total n-6 PUFA | 37.3 ± 2.02 c | 18.0 ± 1.92 a | 21.2 ± 2.20 a | 21.2 ± 0.95 a | 35.4 ± 0.52 b | 31.4 ± 1.50 b | 30.7 ± 1.36 b | <0.001 | ns | 0.012 |
| EPA + DHA | 1.3 ± 0.10 a | 2.1 ± 0.33 a,b | 2.7 ± 0.09 b | 2.4 ± 0.21 b | 3.4 ± 0.29 b | 6.5 ± 0.48 c | 7.9 ± 0.52 d | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 |
| Total SFA | 36.7 ± 0.64 b | 34.6 ± 1.22 a,b | 32.9 ± 1.25 a | 34.4 ± 1.38 a,b | 35.9 ± 0.60 b | 36.9 ± 1.23 b | 37.9 ± 1.98 b | 0.014 | ns | ns |
| Total MUFA | 24.7 ± 1.48 b | 23.8 ± 1.00 a | 22.4 ± 1.62 a | 22.0 ± 0.78 a | 25.2 ± 0.71 b | 25.3 ± 0.80 b | 23.5 ± 0.27 a,b | 0.027 | ns | ns |
| Total PUFA | 38.7 ± 2.00 a,b | 41.6 ± 2.21 a,b | 44.7 ± 1.91 b | 43.7 ± 1.25 a,b | 38.8 ± 0.58 a,b | 37.9 ± 0.97 a | 38.6 ± 1.86 a,b | 0.001 | ns | ns |
ARA, arachidonic acid; ALA, alpha-linolenic acid; DHA, docosahexaenoic acid; DPA, docosapentaenoic acid; EPA, eicosapentaenoic acid; LA, linoleic acid; MUFA, monounsaturated fatty acids; nd, not detected; ns, not significant (p > 0.05); PUFA, polyunsaturated fatty acids; SDA, stearidonic acid; SFA, saturated fatty acids. Values are mean ± SEM of n = 5 samples per group. Means with different superscripts are significantly different (p < 0.05). Total n-3 PUFA = Sum (C18:3n-3, C18:4n-3, C20:5n-3, C22:5n-3 and C22:6n-3); Total n-6 PUFA = Sum (C18:2n-6, C20:2n-6, C20:3n-6 & C20:4n-6); Total MUFA = Sum (C16:1n-9, C18:1n-9 & C18:1n-7); Total PUFA = Sum (Total n-3 PUFA and Total n-6 PUFA); Total SFA = Sum (C16:0, C18:0, C20:0 and C24:0).