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. 2016 Jan 4;8(1):15. doi: 10.3390/nu8010015

Table 6.

Association between cardiovascular disease risk factors and total antioxidant capacity (TAC) among U.S. adults in the NHANES 2007–2012 (n = 4039) 1.

Risk Factors % Change Predicted in CVD Risk Factor with a 100% Increase Total Antioxidant Capacity (95% CI)
TACdiet p-Value TACsupplements p-Value TACdiet + supplement
%Δ (95% CI) %Δ (95% CI) %Δ (95% CI) p-Value
Waist circumference 2 −0.12 (−0.26, 0.03) 0.1150 −0.02 (−0.08, 0.04) 0.5452 −0.12 (−0.25, 0.01) 0.0664
BMI 2 −0.05 (−0.64, 0.54) 0.8623 −0.63 (−0.86, −0.39) <0.0001 −0.42 (−1.03, 0.20) 0.1883
Blood Pressure 2
 Systolic −0.06 (−0.37, 0.25) 0.7071 −0.07 (−0.20, 0.06) 0.2674 −0.04 (−0.33, 0.26) 0.8106
 Diastolic 0.13 (−0.39, 0.66) 0.6149 −0.11 (−0.32, 0.10) 0.2988 0.13 (−0.39, 0.65) 0.6315
HDL-C 3 0.60 (0.05, 1.15) 0.0368 0.31 (−0.03, 0.65) 0.0835 0.65 (0.07, 1.23) 0.0315
LDL-C 3 0.09 (−0.66, 0.84) 0.8142 −0.29 (−0.59, 0.00) 0.0595 0.07 (−0.67, 0.81) 0.8594
TC 3 0.02 (−0.55, 0.60) 0.9404 −0.09 (−0.29, 0.12) 0.4145 0.05 (−0.51, 0.61) 0.8675
TG 3 −1.55 (−2.60, −0.50) 0.0059 −0.17 (−0.66, 0.33) 0.5144 −1.39 (−2.56, −0.21) 0.0251
TG/HDL-C ratio 3 −2.14 (−3.43, −0.83) 0.0025 −0.47 (−1.19, 0.25) 0.2025 −2.03 (−3.45, −0.60) 0.0079
TC/HDL-C ratio 3 −0.57 (−1.22, 0.08) 0.0929 −0.39 (−0.71, −0.08) 0.0186 −0.60 (−1.30, 0.10) 0.0982
Fasting glucose 2 −0.12 (−0.41, 0.18) 0.4403 −0.12 (−0.26, 0.02) 0.1095 −0.20 (−0.51, 0.12) 0.2297
Insulin 2 −0.57 (−1.96, 0.83) 0.4262 −0.98 (−1.58, −0.37) 0.0028 −1.37 (−2.64, −0.09) 0.0415
HOMA-IR 2 −0.71 (−2.27, 0.88) 0.3851 −1.09 (−1.72, −0.45) 0.0017 −1.57 (−3.02, −0.09) 0.0428
CRP 2 −0.68 (−1.15, −0.20) 0.0090 −0.18 (−0.50, 0.15) 0.2892 −0.83 (−1.29, −0.38) 0.0012

1 Multivariate linear regression analysis of cardiovascular disease risk factors. Values are changes in percentages (%) of cardiovascular disease risk factors with a 100% increase of TAC; 2 model 1: Adjusted for total energy intake, age, gender, ethnicity, physical activity, PIR, smoking, alcohol consumption, blood pressure medication, diabetes medication, and BMI. BMI was adjusted for all variables except BMI; 3 model 2: Model 1 + adjusted for saturated fatty acid and fiber intake. BMI, body mass index; CRP, C-reactive protein; HDL, high-density lipoprotein; HOMA-IR, homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance; LDL, low-density lipoprotein; TC, total cholesterol; TG, triglycerides.