Table 6.
Association between cardiovascular disease risk factors and total antioxidant capacity (TAC) among U.S. adults in the NHANES 2007–2012 (n = 4039) 1.
| Risk Factors | % Change Predicted in CVD Risk Factor with a 100% Increase Total Antioxidant Capacity (95% CI) | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| TACdiet | p-Value | TACsupplements | p-Value | TACdiet + supplement | ||
| %Δ (95% CI) | %Δ (95% CI) | %Δ (95% CI) | p-Value | |||
| Waist circumference 2 | −0.12 (−0.26, 0.03) | 0.1150 | −0.02 (−0.08, 0.04) | 0.5452 | −0.12 (−0.25, 0.01) | 0.0664 |
| BMI 2 | −0.05 (−0.64, 0.54) | 0.8623 | −0.63 (−0.86, −0.39) | <0.0001 | −0.42 (−1.03, 0.20) | 0.1883 |
| Blood Pressure 2 | ||||||
| Systolic | −0.06 (−0.37, 0.25) | 0.7071 | −0.07 (−0.20, 0.06) | 0.2674 | −0.04 (−0.33, 0.26) | 0.8106 |
| Diastolic | 0.13 (−0.39, 0.66) | 0.6149 | −0.11 (−0.32, 0.10) | 0.2988 | 0.13 (−0.39, 0.65) | 0.6315 |
| HDL-C 3 | 0.60 (0.05, 1.15) | 0.0368 | 0.31 (−0.03, 0.65) | 0.0835 | 0.65 (0.07, 1.23) | 0.0315 |
| LDL-C 3 | 0.09 (−0.66, 0.84) | 0.8142 | −0.29 (−0.59, 0.00) | 0.0595 | 0.07 (−0.67, 0.81) | 0.8594 |
| TC 3 | 0.02 (−0.55, 0.60) | 0.9404 | −0.09 (−0.29, 0.12) | 0.4145 | 0.05 (−0.51, 0.61) | 0.8675 |
| TG 3 | −1.55 (−2.60, −0.50) | 0.0059 | −0.17 (−0.66, 0.33) | 0.5144 | −1.39 (−2.56, −0.21) | 0.0251 |
| TG/HDL-C ratio 3 | −2.14 (−3.43, −0.83) | 0.0025 | −0.47 (−1.19, 0.25) | 0.2025 | −2.03 (−3.45, −0.60) | 0.0079 |
| TC/HDL-C ratio 3 | −0.57 (−1.22, 0.08) | 0.0929 | −0.39 (−0.71, −0.08) | 0.0186 | −0.60 (−1.30, 0.10) | 0.0982 |
| Fasting glucose 2 | −0.12 (−0.41, 0.18) | 0.4403 | −0.12 (−0.26, 0.02) | 0.1095 | −0.20 (−0.51, 0.12) | 0.2297 |
| Insulin 2 | −0.57 (−1.96, 0.83) | 0.4262 | −0.98 (−1.58, −0.37) | 0.0028 | −1.37 (−2.64, −0.09) | 0.0415 |
| HOMA-IR 2 | −0.71 (−2.27, 0.88) | 0.3851 | −1.09 (−1.72, −0.45) | 0.0017 | −1.57 (−3.02, −0.09) | 0.0428 |
| CRP 2 | −0.68 (−1.15, −0.20) | 0.0090 | −0.18 (−0.50, 0.15) | 0.2892 | −0.83 (−1.29, −0.38) | 0.0012 |
1 Multivariate linear regression analysis of cardiovascular disease risk factors. Values are changes in percentages (%) of cardiovascular disease risk factors with a 100% increase of TAC; 2 model 1: Adjusted for total energy intake, age, gender, ethnicity, physical activity, PIR, smoking, alcohol consumption, blood pressure medication, diabetes medication, and BMI. BMI was adjusted for all variables except BMI; 3 model 2: Model 1 + adjusted for saturated fatty acid and fiber intake. BMI, body mass index; CRP, C-reactive protein; HDL, high-density lipoprotein; HOMA-IR, homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance; LDL, low-density lipoprotein; TC, total cholesterol; TG, triglycerides.