Table 2.
Mean daily nutrient intake and sugar intake from food sources according to gender and age group.
| Boys (n = 1048) | Girls (n = 1551) | p-Value | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 9–11 Years (n = 422) | 12–14 Years (n = 626) | p-Value | 9–11 Years (n = 950) | 12–14 Years (n = 601) | p-Value | ||
| Energy (kcal/day) (Mean ± SE) | 1695.0 ± 72.8 | 1948.3 ± 61.9 | 0.0409 | 1575.5 ± 35.5 | 1681.9 ± 41.2 | 0.1124 | <0.0001 |
| Carbohydrate (g/day) (Mean ± SE) | 258.6 ± 4.6 | 258.8 ± 3.9 | 0.9830 | 238.1 ± 2.4 | 236.6 ± 2.8 | 0.7399 | 0.0356 |
| Protein (g/day) (Mean ± SE) | 73.3 ± 1.9 | 71.0 ± 1.6 | 0.4697 | 60.9 ± 1.0 | 64.3 ± 1.2 | 0.0810 | 0.3124 |
| Fat (g/day) (Mean ± SE) | 57.4 ± 1.8 | 58.7 ± 1.5 | 0.6687 | 50.6 ± 0.9 | 48.3 ± 1.1 | 0.1826 | 0.9476 |
| Percent of EER 1 (%) | 78.8 | 78.7 | 0.9863 | 85.2 | 84.1 | 0.7606 | <0.0001 |
| Percent of RNI 2 (%) | |||||||
| Thiamin | 143.5 | 143.8 | 0.9944 | 127.7 | 110.2 | 0.0189 | <0.0001 |
| Riboflavin | 103.0 | 78.4 | 0.0080 | 112.0 | 85.3 | 0.0002 | <0.0001 |
| Niacin | 131.2 | 110.5 | 0.0864 | 113.1 | 101.8 | 0.0988 | <0.0001 |
| Vitamin C | 83.9 | 66.5 | 0.1512 | 84.3 | 65.3 | 0.0465 | 0.0673 |
| Calcium | 63.9 | 49.3 | 0.0602 | 58.6 | 52.8 | 0.1590 | 0.1339 |
| Phosphorus | 94.2 | 102.3 | 0.3103 | 93.3 | 100.1 | 0.1525 | 0.9329 |
| Iron | 166.6 | 112.3 | 0.4549 | 113.7 | 92.6 | 0.3463 | 0.0013 |
| Total Sugars (g/day) (Mean ± SE) | 43.3 ± 3.0 | 56.7 ± 2.6 | 0.0096 | 52.9 ± 1.7 | 50.2 ± 1.9 | 0.3792 | <0.0001 |
| Total Sugars (% of Energy) | 9.6 | 11.8 | 0.0401 | 12.9 | 12.0 | 0.2036 | <0.0001 |
| Sugar intake by food sources (g/day) (Mean ± SE) | |||||||
| From milk | 6.4 ± 0.9 | 5.8 ± 0.7 | 0.6726 | 5.8 ± 0.5 | 5.5 ± 0.5 | 0.7516 | 0.0586 |
| From fruits | 6.4 ± 1.5 | 7.7 ± 1.2 | 0.6064 | 9.0 ± 0.9 | 7.7 ± 1.1 | 0.4552 | 0.0081 |
| From processed foods | 25.6 ± 2.6 | 38.0 ± 2.2 | 0.0060 | 33.2 ± 1.4 | 32.3 ± 1.6 | 0.7249 | <0.0001 |
| From commodity type foods | 4.8 ± 0.4 | 5.2 ± 0.3 | 0.5797 | 4.9 ± 0.2 | 4.6 ± 0.3 | 0.5524 | 0.9221 |
1 EER (Estimated Energy Requirement); 2 RNI (Recommended Nutrient Intake); 3 All values were tested using a generalized linear model (GLM) after adjusting for study number, maternal education, physical activity, and energy intake, with the exception of energy intake models.