Table 3.
Multivariate adjusted odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for pediatric overweight and obesity across quartiles of dietary sugar intake based on food sources.
| Quartiles of Dietary Sugars | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Q1 | Q2 | Q3 | Q4 | p for Trend | |
| Sugar Intake from Milk and Fruits (g/Day) 1 | |||||
| Boys (n = 1048) | |||||
| Sugar intake (Mean ± SE) | 3.2 ± 0.4 | 8.6 ± 0.4 | 16.0 ± 0.4 | 31.6 ± 0.4 | |
| Normal | 1.00 | ||||
| Overweight 2 | 1.00 | 1.10 (0.52–2.35) | 1.11 (0.52–2.37) | 1.29 (0.61–2.74) | 0.4617 |
| Obesity 2 | 1.00 | 0.98 (0.60–1.60) | 0.81 (0.48–1.38) | 0.71 (0.40–1.26) | 0.1952 |
| Girls (n = 1551) | |||||
| Sugar intake | 4.2 ± 0.4 | 10.7 ± 0.4 | 17.8 ± 0.4 | 34.6 ± 0.4 | |
| Normal | 1.00 | ||||
| Overweight | 1.00 | 0.61 (0.39–0.95) | 0.67 (0.43–1.04) | 0.52 (0.32–0.84) | 0.0246 |
| Obesity | 1.00 | 0.69 (0.40–1.16) | 0.73 (0.42–1.25) | 0.42 (0.23–0.79) | 0.0113 |
| Sugar Intake from Processed Foods (g/day) 1 | |||||
| Boys (n = 1048) | |||||
| Sugar intake | 15.1 ± 0.5 | 24.9 ± 0.5 | 34.6 ± 0.6 | 54.0 ± 0.5 | |
| Normal | 1.00 | ||||
| Overweight | 1.00 | 0.88 (0.45–1.72) | 1.34 (0.73–2.46) | 1.14 (0.61–2.14) | 0.4678 |
| Obesity | 1.00 | 0.83 (0.52–1.33) | 0.54 (0.32–0.92) | 0.70 (0.42–1.15) | 0.0894 |
| Girls (n = 1551) | |||||
| Sugar intake | 15.4 ± 0.5 | 25.0 ± 0.5 | 34.6 ± 0.5 | 53.1 ± 0.5 | |
| Normal | 1.00 | ||||
| Overweight | 1.00 | 1.00 (0.65–1.54) | 0.87 (0.56–1.35) | 1.08 (0.69–1.67) | 0.8152 |
| Obesity | 1.00 | 0.86 (0.51–1.46) | 0.80 (0.47–1.37) | 0.92 (0.53–1.58) | 0.7673 |
1 Sugar intake from milk and fruits or processed foods was energy-adjusted using the residual method and categorized into quartiles; 2 Overweight was defined as 85th–95th percentile for age, gender-specific BMI; obesity was defined as ≥95th percentile or BMI ≥ 25; 3 A multinomial logistic regression analysis was used to test associations between dietary sugars and obesity after adjusting for age, study number, maternal education, and physical activity.