Table 1.

Study characteristics ¹.

Reference	Country	Design	No. Randomized	No. Completed	Gender	Age (Year)	BMI or Weight Status	CVD-Related Disease Status	Intervention	Extract Dose	Anthocyanin Dose	Control	Intervention Length	End Point(s)
Curtis et al., 2009 [14]	United Kingdom	Parallel	57	52	Postmenopausal women	<70	20–32	Healthy	Elderberry extract capsule	NR	500 mg/day	Placebo capsule	12 weeks	Triglycerides, TC, LDL, HDL, SBP, and DBP
Gurrola-Díaz et al., 2010 [15]	Mexico	Parallel	152	124	Women and men	30–71	NR	Healthy and MetS	Hibiscus sabdariffa extract powder + preventative diet	100 mg/day	19.24 mg/day	Preventive diet	1 month	Triglycerides, TC, LDL, HDL, SBP, and DBP
Hansen et al., 2005 [16]	Denmark	Parallel	70	69	Women and men	38–75	Mean 25	Healthy	Red grape extract	Full or half dose (unclear)	71 mg/day for men; 48 mg/day for women; 36 mg/day for men; 24 mg/day for women	Placebo capsule (microcrystalline cellulose)	4 weeks	TC, LDL, HDL, SBP, and DBP
Hassellund et al., 2012 [17]	Norway	Crossover	31	27	Men	35–51	Mean 27	Prehypertensive	Purified anthocyanins from bilberry and black currant	NA	640 mg/day	Placebo capsule (maltodextrin)	4 weeks	SBP and DBP
Hassellund et al., 2013 [18]	Norway	Crossover	31	27	Men	35–51	NR	Prehypertensive	Purified anthocyanins from bilberry and black currant	NA	640 mg/day	Placebo capsule (maltodextrin + blue color)	4 weeks	Triglycerides, TC, LDL, and HDL
Karlsen et al., 2007 [19]	Norway	Parallel	120	118	Women and men	40–74	Mean 25	Healthy	Purified anthocyanins from bilberry and black currant	NA	300 mg/day	Placebo capsule (maltodextrin + blue color)	3 weeks	TC and HDL
Kianbakht et al., 2014 [20]	Iran	Parallel	105	80	Women and men	20–60	Mean 30	Primary hyperlipidemia	Whortleberry extract	1050 mg/day	7.35 mg/day	Placebo capsule (toast powder)	2 months	Triglycerides, TC, LDL, and HDL
Naruszewicz et al., 2007 [14]	Poland	Parallel	NR	44	Postmenopausal women, and men	Mean 66	Mean 26	Post-MI	Chokeberry extract	255 mg/day	63.75 mg/day	Placebo capsule (maltodextrin)	6 weeks	Triglycerides, TC, LDL, HDL, SBP, and DBP
Qin et al., 2009 [21]	China	Parallel	NR	120	Women and men	40–65	Mean 27	Dyslipidemic	Purified anthocyanins from bilberry and black currant	NA	320 mg/day	Placebo capsule (maltodextrin and pullalan)	12 weeks	Triglycerides, TC, LDL, HDL, SBP, and DBP
Soltani et al., 2014 [22]	Iran	Parallel	54	50	Women and men	≥18	Mean 25	Hyperlipidemic	Vaccinium arctostaphylos extract	1000 mg/day	90 mg/day	Placebo capsule (calcium phosphate)	4 weeks	Triglycerides, TC, LDL, and HDL
Zhu et al., 2011 [23]	China	Crossover	150	146	Women and men	40–65	Mean 26	Hypercholesterolemic	Purified anthocyanins from bilberry and black currant	NA	320 mg/day	Placebo capsule	12 weeks	SBP and DBP
Zhu et al., 2013 [24]	China	Parallel	150	146	Women and men	40–65	Mean 26	Hypercholesterolemic	Purified anthocyanins from bilberry and black currant	NA	320 mg/day	Placebo capsule	24 weeks	Triglycerides, TC, LDL, and HDL

¹ BMI, body mass index; CVD, cardiovascular disease; DBP, diastolic blood pressure; HDL, high-density lipoprotein; LDL, low-density lipoprotein; MetS, metabolic syndrome; MI, myocardial infarction; NA, applicable; NR, not reported; SBP, systolic blood pressure; TC, total cholesterol.