Table 1.
Distribution of Patient Covariates and Univariable Associations With Mortalitya
| Risk Factor | Records No. | Deaths No. (%) | OR (95% CI) | p Value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age group | ||||
| Neonates | 11,144 | 1,129 (10.1) | (Reference) | |
| Infants | 18,554 | 564 (3.0) | 0.28 (0.25–0.31) | <0.0001 |
| Children | 18,407 | 167 (0.9) | 0.08 (0.07–0.10) | <0.0001 |
| Adults | 4,119 | 71 (1.7) | 0.16 (0.12–0.20) | <0.0001 |
| Sex | ||||
| Male | 28,326 | 1,041 (3.7) | (Reference) | |
| Female | 23,898 | 890 (3.7) | 1.01 (0.93–1.11) | 0.77 |
| Weight | ||||
| >10th percentile for age group | 47,154 | 1,545 (3.3) | (Reference) | |
| <10th percentile for age group | 5,070 | 386 (7.6) | 2.43 (2.17–2.73) | <0.0001 |
| Prematurity among neonates and infants | ||||
| No | 23,908 | 1,208 (5.1) | (Reference) | |
| Yes | 5,447 | 473 (8.7) | 1.79 (1.60–2.00) | <0.0001 |
| STAT Level | ||||
| 1 | 15,439 | 103 (0.7) | (Reference) | |
| 2 | 15,275 | 234 (1.5) | 2.32 (1.84–2.92) | <0.0001 |
| 3 | 6,482 | 190 (2.9) | 4.50 (3.53–5.72) | <0.0001 |
| 4 | 12,408 | 944 (7.6) | 12.26 (9.99–15.05) | <0.0001 |
| 5 | 2,620 | 460 (17.6) | 31.71 (25.49–39.45) | <0.0001 |
| Prior cardiothoracic operation | ||||
| No | 37,614 | 1,536 (4.1) | (Reference) | |
| Yes | 14,314 | 386 (2.7) | 0.65 (0.58–0.73) | <0.0001 |
| Any noncardiac congenital anatomic abnormality | ||||
| No | 50,397 | 1,777 (3.5) | (Reference) | |
| Yes | 1,552 | 139 (9.0) | 2.69 (2.25–3.22) | <0.0001 |
| Chromosomal abnormality or syndrome | ||||
| No | 39,975 | 1,254 (3.1) | (Reference) | |
| Yes | 12,099 | 672 (5.6) | 1.82 (1.65–2.00) | <0.0001 |
| Preoperative variables | ||||
| Mechanical circulatory support | ||||
| No | 51,798 | 1,851 (3.6) | (Reference) | |
| Yes | 283 | 72 (25.4) | 9.21 (7.02–12.08) | <0.0001 |
| Shock at the time of operation | ||||
| No | 51,608 | 1,785 (3.5) | (Reference) | |
| Yes | 473 | 138 (29.2) | 11.50 (9.38–14.10) | <0.0001 |
| Renal dysfunction or Renal failure requiring dialysis (or both) | ||||
| No | 51,504 | 1,806 (3.5) | (Reference) | |
| Yes | 577 | 117 (20.3) | 7.00 (5.68–8.62) | <0.0001 |
| Mechanical ventilator support | ||||
| No | 47,213 | 1,158 (2.5) | (Reference) | |
| Yes | 4,868 | 765 (15.7) | 7.42 (6.73–8.17) | <0.0001 |
| Neurological deficit | ||||
| No | 51,342 | 1,870 (3.6) | (Reference) | |
| Yes | 739 | 53 (7.2) | 2.04 (1.54–2.71) | <0.0001 |
| Any other preoperative factor | ||||
| No | 39,216 | 1,084 (2.8) | (Reference) | |
| Yes | 12,865 | 839 (6.5) | 2.45 (2.24–2.69) | <0.0001 |
a
Frequency of missing data: prematurity among infants and neonates, 343 of 29,698 (1.2%); prior cardiothoracic operation, 296 of 52,224 (0.6%); noncardiac congenital anatomic abnormality, 275 of 52,224 (0.5%); chromosomal abnormality or syndrome, 150 of 52,224 (0.3%); preoperative factors, including mechanical circulatory support, renal dysfunction or renal failure requiring dialysis (or both), mechanical ventilator support, neurological deficit, and other preoperative factors, 143 of 52,224 (0.3%). All other covariates were 100% complete because patients with missing data were excluded.
CI = confidence interval;
OR = odds ratio.