Table 3.
Prevalence and intensity of Onchocerca volvulus microfilariae during ivermectin MDA (2001–2015), in sentinel and extra-sentinel communities of the Amazonian focus of southern Venezuela
| Community | Positive/examined | Prevalence (%) of skin mf (95 % CI) | AM† (mf/mg) | WM§ (mf/mg) | CMFL‡ (mf/ss) | MFC¶ (%) | MFAC¦ (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sentinel communities | |||||||
| 1 Hasupiwei | 5/43b | 11.6 (3.9, 25.1) | 0.26 | 0.13 | 0.11 | 11.8 | 0 |
| 4/55c | 7.3 (2.0, 17.6) | 0.13 | 0.07 | 0.03 | 10.0 | 2.0 | |
| 2 Awei | 11/23a | 47.8 (26.8, 69.4) | 2.06 | 0.94 | 3.04 | – | – |
| 0/13b | 0 (0, 24.7) | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |
| 3 Pashopëka | 20/28a | 71.4 (51.3, 86.8) | 1.74 | 0.88 | 1.04 | – | – |
| 10/32b | 31.2 (16.1, 50.0) | 2.51 | 0.17 | 1.60 | 11.1 | 7.4 | |
| 1/49c | 2.0 (0.10, 10.9) | 0.03 | 0.02 | 0.03 | 4.5 | 0 | |
| 4 Koyowë | 60/77a | 77.9 (67.0, 86.6) | 16.4 | 4.7 | 20.2 | 36.0 | 13.0 |
| 24/58b | 41.4 (28.6, 55.1) | 3.4 | 1.1 | 1.9 | 20.4 | 6.1 | |
| 7/98c | 7.1 (2.9, 14.2) | 0.18 | 0.09 | 0.17 | 11.9 | 0 | |
| 5 Waharafitha | 39/80b | 48.8 (37.4, 60.2) | 3.33 | 0.91 | 1.19 | 7.5 | 12.5 |
| 5/40c | 12.5 (4.2, 26.8) | 0.22 | 0.12 | 0.17 | 0 | 0 | |
| 6 Matoa | 14/35b | 40.0 (23.9, 57.9) | 3.66 | 0.91 | 1.03 | 8.3 | 0 |
| 7 Kanoshewë | 1/11b | 9.1 (0.2, 41.3) | 0.06 | 0.05 | 0 | – | – |
| 0/25c | 0 (0, 13.7) | 0 | 0 | 0 | – | – | |
| 8 Niayopë* | 4/12b | 33.3 (9.9, 65.1) | 0.49 | 0.17 | 0 | – | – |
| 0/38c | 0 (0, 9.3) | 0 | 0 | 0 | |||
| Extra-sentinel communities | |||||||
| 9 Yaurawë | 11/37b | 29.7 (15.9, 47.0) | 0.99 | 0.43 | 0.55 | 20.0 | 16.0 |
| 16/77c | 20.8 (12.4, 31.5) | 1.75 | 0.40 | 0.7 | 11.1 | 3.7 | |
| 10 Masiriki | 0/21c | 0 (0, 16.1) | 0 | 0 | 0c | – | – |
| 11 Toumawei | 2/25c | 8.0 (1.0, 26.0) | 0.10 | 0.05 | 0.10 | – | – |
| 12 Arokofita | 0/21c | 0 (0, 16.1) | 0 | 0 | 0 | – | – |
| 13 Okiamo | 0/38c | 0 (0, 9.3) | 0 | 0 | 0 | – | – |
| 14 Warapawë | 3/30b | 10.0 (2.1, 26.5) | 0.04 | 0.04 | – | – | – |
| 0/31c | 0 (0, 11.2) | 0 | 0 | 0 | |||
| 15 Kakarama** | 1/41c | 2.4 (0.1, 12.9) | 0.03 | 0.02 | 0.05 | – | – |
| 16 Pokoshiprare** | 0/60c | 0 (0, 6.0) | 0 | 0 | 0 | – | – |
† AM arithmetic mean no. of mf/mg, § WM geometric mean (of Williams) no. of mf/mg; ‡ CMFL community microfilarial load, the geometric mean no. of mf per skin snip (ss) in those individuals aged ≥20 years; ¶ MFC prevalence of mf in cornea; ¦ MFAC prevalence of mf in the anterior chamber of the eye; a2001, b2008–2009, c2013– 2015; *formerly called Niyayowë; **Kakarama and Pokoshiprare originated from Yoreshiana A and B, studied by [26]