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Overview of vitamin D parathyroid renal axis—Functioning of the axis is demonstrated in the context of calcium homeostasis. In response to low calcium, the parathyroid glands increase parathyroid hormone (PTH) secretion. Increased PTH leads to activation of vitamin-D through an inducible renal enzyme, converting 25 hydroxyvitamin D (25OHD) to the active hormone or 1,25 dihydroxyvitamin D (1,25OH2D).
