Table 1. Frequency, incidence, and survival of childhood cancer.
| Diagnosisa | Frequencyb (% of all cancer) | Incidencec per million | Peak age (incidence per million) | 5-year survival (%)d |
||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Year of diagnosis | ||||||
| 1975-1979 | 1992-1996 | 2002-2006 | ||||
| Age 0-14 years | ||||||
| All cancers | 100 | 155 | 62 | 79 | 83 | |
| Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (Ib) | 25.8 | 40.0 | 2-3 (95.3) | 63 | 86 | 90 |
| Acute myeloid leukemia (IIb) | 5.1 | 7.8 | 0-1 (19.4) | 24 | 50 | 69 |
| Non-Hodgkin lymphoma (IIb/c) | 5.8 | 9.0 | 12-14 (10.5) | 50 | 82 | 89 |
| Hodgkin lymphoma (IIa) | 3.7 | 5.8 | 13-14 (16.7) | 84 | 94 | 97 |
| Central nervous system (III) | 21.0 | 32.8 | 1-4 (41.8) | 60 | 71 | 73 |
| Medulloblastoma (IIIc.1) | 2.8 | 4.5 | 1-7 (5.9) | 50 | 63 | 70 |
| Low grade gliomae | ~8.4 | ~13.1 | 87 | 92 | 94 | |
| Neuroblastoma (IVa) | 6.7 | 10.2 | 0-1 (42.7) | 50 | 70 | 76 |
| <1 year | 2.2 | 86 | 90 | 91 | ||
| 1-14 years | 4.4 | 37 | 57 | 69 | ||
| Ewings’ sarcoma (VIIIc, IXd.1/d.2) | 2.0 | 3.1 | 12-14 (5.5) | 53 | 74 | 76 |
| Osteosarcoma (VIIIa) | 2.6 | 4.0 | 13-14 (9.3) | 42 | 71 | 72 |
| Rhabdomyosarcoma (IXa) | 3.4 | 5.3 | 1-5 (7.6) | 55 | 73 | 68 |
| Wilm’s tumor (VIa.1) | 4.6 | 7.2 | 1-3 (19.1) | 77 | 93 | 91 |
| Age 15-19 years | ||||||
| All cancers | 100 | 211 | 70 | 79 | 83 | |
| Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (Ib) | 8.3 | 17.5 | 34 | 57 | 70 | |
| Acute myeloid leukemia (IIb) | 4.6 | 9.6 | 23 | 40 | 52 | |
| Non-Hodgkin lymphoma (IIb/c) | 8.2 | 17.4 | 47 | 77 | 80 | |
| Hodgkin lymphoma (IIa) | 14.4 | 30.3 | 91 | 95 | 96 | |
| Central nervous system (III) | 9.6 | 20.3 | 61 | 76 | 77 | |
| Medulloblastoma (IIIc.1) | 0.8 | 1.6 | na | na | 71 | |
| Low grade gliomae | ~3.8 | ~8.1 | 73 | 88 | 97 | |
| Neuroblastoma (IVa) | 0.2 | 0.4 | na | na | na | |
| Ewings’ sarcoma (VIIIc, IXd.1/d.2) | 2.7 | 5.7 | 24 | 51 | 61 | |
| Osteosarcoma (VIIIa) | 4.0 | 8.4 | 54 | 64 | 62 | |
| Rhabdomyosarcoma (IXa) | 1.6 | 3.4 | na | 46 | 48 | |
| Wilm’s tumor (VIa.1) | 0.1 | 0.3 | na | na | na | |
a, the Roman numerals in parentheses represent the International Classification of Childhood Cancer (ICCC) site recode extended ICD-0-3/WHO 2008; b, frequency: SEER 18 registry (3); year of diagnosis: 2001-2010; % of all cancer within the age group; c, age-adjusted incidence: SEER 18 Registry (1); d, survival: SEER 18 Registry (3); na, not applicable as cohort too small (n<40); e, low grade glioma: frequency/incidence based on 40% of all CNS tumor (4-6); survival estimated from astrocytoma (IIIb) and other gliomas (IIId) of WHO grade I or II.