Table 2.
Descriptive characteristics by activity rhythm sub-groups (total n=3001), mean (SD) shown unless otherwise noted
| Normal rhythm | Low activity | Early activity | Early/short active period |
Early/short active period/dampened |
Late activity | Late/short active period |
Late with low activity |
|
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 32.09 (963) | 10.06 (302) | 10.53 (316) | 9.63 (289) | 6.80 (204) | 14.46 (434) | 8.23 (247) | 8.20 (246) | |
| Age | 75.76 (5.26) | 78.31 (5.88) | 75.32 (5.07) | 75.92 (5.14) | 77.55 (5.6) | 75.71 (5.33) | 76.48 (5.39) | 78.13 (6.3) |
| BMI | 26.65 (3.51) | 27.46 (4.16) | 27.02 (3.61) | 27.4 (3.41) | 28.73 (4.45) | 26.93 (3.92) | 27.85 (3.99) | 27.78 (4.18) |
| Cognitive function | 93.35 (5.42) | 91.87 (7.14) | 93.1 (5.22) | 92.66 (5.55) | 91.06 (7.84) | 93.56 (5.13) | 91.6 (6.55) | 92.05 (6.36) |
| Anxiety symptoms | 0.87 (1.78) | 1.05 (1.93) | 0.85 (1.72) | 1.04 (1.88) | 0.74 (1.65) | 0.88 (1.85) | 1.39 (2.28) | 1.43 (2.31) |
| PSQI | 5.23 (2.96) | 5.97 (3.43) | 5.35 (3.35) | 5.63 (3.22) | 5.98 (3.62) | 5.43 (2.96) | 6.32 (3.71) | 6.46 (3.74) |
| Physical Activity | 159.02 (70.38) | 121.61 (69.07) | 167.34 (78.8) | 154.89 (66.42) | 123.76 (65.77) | 145.14 (65.59) | 143.51 (72.29) | 107.73 (62.83) |
| IADL impairment | 0.18 (0.58) | 0.54 (0.96) | 0.29 (0.73) | 0.24 (0.6) | 0.56 (1.07) | 0.3 (0.76) | 0.56 (1.09) | 0.86 (1.22) |
| COPD, % (n) | 3.32 (32) | 8.94 (27) | 6.33 (20) | 3.81 (11) | 6.40 (13) | 4.84 (21) | 6.48 (16) | 6.91 (17) |
| Fall in past 12 months, % (n) | 26.38 (254) | 34.11 (103) | 26.90 (85) | 25.26 (73) | 30.54 (62) | 32.95 (143) | 36.03 (89) | 38.62 (95) |
| Diabetes, % (n) | 11.63 (112) | 16.56 (50) | 8.86 (28) | 13.15 (38) | 18.23 (37) | 12.44 (54) | 15.38 (38) | 17.89 (44) |
| Parkinson’s, % (n) | 0.73 (7) | 2.32 (7) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 3.45 (7) | 0.46 (2) | 2.02 (5) | 3.25 (8) |
| Severe SDB, % (n) | 14.21 (128) | 21.91 (7) | 11.74 (35) | 16.55 (46) | 24.37 (48) | 16.96 (68) | 20.51 (48) | 25.99 (59) |
| Activity Rhythm Variables
| ||||||||
| Acrophase | 14.29 (0.39) | 14.19 (0.53) | 12.97 (0.55) | 12.99 (0.65) | 12.71 (0.95) | 15.66 (0.65) | 14.66 (0.72) | 15.99 (1.16) |
| Up-mesor | 6.71 (0.61) | 6.5 (0.8) | 5.54 (0.79) | 7.08 (0.83) | 6.82 (1.21) | 7.88 (0.85) | 8.83 (1.15) | 8.3 (1.47) |
| Down-mesor | 21.86 (0.68) | 21.88 (0.79) | 20.4 (0.73) | 18.89 (1.16) | 18.6 (1.54) | 23.44 (0.85) | 20.49 (1.12) | 23.68 (1.23) |
| Amp. | 3953.75 (658.03) | 2529.92 (450.64) | 3839.14 (703.04) | 4290.21 (1241.03) | 2296.71 (466.29) | 3868.43 (642.66) | 4275.28 (1738.7) | 2429.83 (537.53) |
| Mesor | 2234.51 (329.52) | 1688.58 (322.48) | 2237.79 (368.08) | 2606.41 (609.99) | 1917.22 (398.34) | 2213.97 (304.36) | 2511.47 (760.59) | 1682.3 (315.54) |
| St. Amp. | 1.78 (0.19) | 1.53 (0.29) | 1.73 (0.23) | 1.65 (0.26) | 1.22 (0.25) | 1.75 (0.18) | 1.68 (0.33) | 1.46 (0.30) |
| Pseudo-f | 1282.27 (495.09) | 628.59 (227.38) | 1163.29 (511.24) | 1200.96 (501.88) | 576.59 (223.78) | 1173.9 (411.5) | 1003.51 (515.46) | 584.5 (216.95) |
| Alpha | −0.40 (0.12) | −0.42 (0.14) | −0.36 (0.13) | 0.07 (0.29) | 0.03 (0.25) | −0.44 (0.14) | 0.13 (0.34) | −0.41 (0.20) |
Note: Selected health characteristic are those that entered the final model predicting depression severity over time;
SD, standard deviation; Acrophase, time of day of peak activity level; Up-mesor, time of day when activity passes up through mesor (approximating the time the participant “gets going” in the morning); Down-mesor, time of day when activity passes down through mesor (approximating the time of day the participant “settles down” for the night); Amplitude, peak-nadir difference (rhythm height); Mesor, estimated middle of the fitted curve; Standardized amplitude, amplitude divided by mesor (lower values indicate a dampened rhythm); Pseudo-F, robustness of the activity pattern (lower values indicating poorer model fit); Alpha, the relative width of the activity peak compared with nadir (higher values indicate a relative narrowness of the active compared with rest period)