Expression of secreted Klotho in vivo ameliorates renal injury in mouse model of remnant kidney. A: Experimental design. Green arrows indicate the injection of pV5-sKlotho plasmid; black arrowheads, the surgical resection of left kidney and nephrectomy of right kidney. B: Urinary albumin levels in mice at 6 weeks after 5/6NX. Urinary albumin was expressed as mg/mg creatinine. C: Klotho reduces serum creatinine levels in 5/6NX mice. Serum creatinine was assessed at 6 weeks after 5/6NX. D–F: Representative images show that expression of Klotho attenuates glomerular lesions and interstitial fibrosis as indicated by periodic acid-Schiff (PAS) and Masson's trichrome staining (D) and quantitative data of glomerular lesions (E) and interstitial fibrosis score (F) in different groups. Paraffin sections were used for periodic acid-Schiff and Masson's trichrome staining. Black arrow indicates positive staining. ∗P < 0.05 versus sham controls; †P < 0.05 versus 5/6NX alone. Scale bar = 50 μm (D). 2/3NX, two thirds of left kidney by surgical resection; 5/6NX, 5/6 nephrectomized mice injected with pcDNA3; 5/6NX+K, 5/6 nephrectomized mice injected with pV5-sKlotho; UNX, intact nephrectomy of right kidney.