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. 2015 Dec;185(12):3316–3325. doi: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2015.08.017

Figure 2.

Figure 2

Tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α induces NADPH oxidase–dependent reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation in choroidal endothelial cells (CECs). ROS generation measured by 2′,7′-dichlorofluorescein (DCF)–diacetate (DA) fluorescence in CECs treated with 20 ng/mL phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) or recombinant human TNF-α for 15 minutes (A) and in CECs pretreated with 100 μmol/L apocynin (APO) for 30 minutes, followed by 15-minute incubation with TNF-α (B). Western blots of p22phox (C) and ROS generation in CECs by DCF-DA fluorescence transfected with p22phox siRNA or control siRNA and treated with TNF-α or PBS for 15 minutes (D). ∗P < 0.05, ∗∗P < 0.01, and ∗∗∗P < 0.001. n = 6.