Table 4. Adjusted Odds Ratio (OR) for the social determinants of abuse against children in Egypt.
| Characteristics | Shouted at children OR (95% CI) | Struck children OR (95% CI) | Slapped children OR (95% CI) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Intimate partner violence (any IPV) | |||
| No | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| Yes | 1.76 (0.79 - 3.92) | 1.57 (1.03 - 2.40) | 1.57 (1.03 - 2.38) |
| Respondent justifies wife beating | |||
| No | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| Yes | 2.32 (1.02 - 5.28) | 1.11 (0.73 - 1.69) | 0.90 (0.58 - 1.39) |
| Generational IPV | |||
| No | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| Yes | 2.95 (1.08 - 8.05) | 1.73 (1.09 - 2.75) | 1.41 (0.91 - 2.18) |
| Respondents’ age (groups) | |||
| 15 - 19 | ‡ | 1.68 (0.38 - 7.35) | ‡ |
| 20 - 24 | 1.84 (0.44 - 7.71) | 3.94 (1.65 - 9.39) | 2.95 (0.68 - 12.71) |
| 25 - 29 | 2.45 (0.71 - 7.07) | 2.70 (1.38 - 5.28) | 2.54 (0.99 - 6.46) |
| 30 - 34 | 1.82 (0.71 - 4.62) | 2.84 (1.56 - 5.18) | 3.35 (1.49 - 7.51) |
| 35 - 39 | 1.53 (0.71 - 3.29) | 1.58 (0.92 - 2.71) | 2.80 (1.32 - 5.94) |
| 40 - 44 | 0.77 (0.44 - 1.34) | 0.90 (0.64 - 1.26) | 2.10 (1.01 - 4.37) |
| 45 - 49 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| Marital status | ‡ | ‡ | ‡ |
| Formerly married | |||
| Currently married | |||
| Sex of child | |||
| Female | 0.77 (0.44 - 1.34) | 0.90 (0.64 - 1.26) | 0.57 (0.40 - 0.82) |
| Male | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| Respondent’s educational level | |||
| No education | 1.50 (0.34 - 6.69) | 1.05 (0.41 - 2.35) | 0.97 (0.41 - 2.02) |
| Primary | 2.95 (0.45 - 19.35) | 0.52 (0.21 - 1.30) | 1.29 (0.54 - 3.05 |
| Secondary or higher | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| Partner’s educational level | |||
| No education | 0.73 (0.18 - 3.01) | 1.36 (0.62 - 2.99) | 1.59 (0.78 -3.27) |
| Primary | 1.38 (0.34 - 5.59) | 1.50 (0.69 - 3.25) | 1.08 (0.54 - 2.15) |
| Secondary or higher | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| Respondent’s current working status | |||
| Not working | 0.44 (0.07 - 2.74) | 1.23 (0.32 - 4.75) | 0.59 (0.18 - 1.91) |
| Working | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| Partner’s current working status | ‡ | ||
| Not working | 0.36 (0.02 - 7.19) | 1.84 (0.08 - 43.60) | |
| Working | 1 | 1 | |
| Wealth index | |||
| Poorest | 0.42 (0.09 - 1.98) | 2.05 (0.79 - 5.31) | 3.12 (1.27 - 7.65) |
| Poorer | 1.09 (0.24 - 4.99) | 2.81 (1.20 - 6.59) | 2.58 (1.17 - 5.70) |
| Middle | 1.67 (0.51 - 5.41) | 1.37 (0.74 - 2.55) | 1.84 (0.96 - 3.50) |
| Richer | 0.78 (0.37 - 1.64) | 1.71 (1.09 - 2.69) | 1.80 (1.10 - 2.94) |
| Richest | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| Place of residence | |||
| Rural | 0.49 (0.23 - 1.04) | 0.80 (0.51 - 1.26) | 0.76 (0.48 - 1.20) |
| Urban | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| Age of child (years) | |||
| 0 - 4 | 5.84 (1.82 - 18.72) | 4.71 (1.96 - 11.32) | 4.70 (1.45 - 15.25) |
| 5 - 9 | 2.97 (1.16 - 7.58) | 3.39 (1.49 - 7.71) | 2.46 (0.78 - 7.76) |
| 10 - 14 | 2.13 (0.84 - 5.37) | 1.26 (0.53 - 2.99) | 1.07 (0.31 - 3.64) |
| ≥ 15 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| Number of children in family | |||
| ≤ 2 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| 3 - 5 | 2.56 (1.33 - 4.95) | 1.67 (1.10 - 2.53) | 1.25 (0.80 - 1.96) |
| ≥ 6 | 1.07 (0.25 - 4.61) | 2.81 (1.09 - 7.22) | 2.14 (0.87 - 5.24) |
| Who decides how to spend money | |||
| Respondent alone | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| Respondent and husband/partner | 0.85 (0.41 - 1.59) | 0.86 (0.57 - 1.30) | 0.48 (0.32 - 0.72) |
| Husband/partner and other | 1.95 (0.82 - 4.67) | 1.27 (0.52 - 3.08) | 0.63 (0.27 - 1.46) |
| Type of earnings | |||
| Not paid | 3.70 (0.39 - 34.95) | 1.89 (0.64 - 5.57) | 1.61 (0.67 - 3.91) |
| Cash and kind | 1.44 (0.75 - 2.77) | 1.44 (0.75 - 2.77) | 1.87 (0.88 - 3.96) |
| In kind only | 1.20 (0.58 - 2.51) | 1.20 (0.58 - 2.51) | 1.20 (0.58 - 2.51) |
| Cash only | 1 | 1 | 1 |
‡ Data not computed due to small number
1= reference category