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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2016 Jan 27.
Published in final edited form as: Adv Exp Med Biol. 2015;859:343–365. doi: 10.1007/978-3-319-17641-3_14

Figure14_3.

Figure14_3

Optical recording of cardiac action potentials using fluorescent dyes. A. The upper panel illustrates the conformation change of di-4-ANEPPS upon a change in membrane potentials. The lower panel shows the shift in emission spectrum results in a change in the amount of recorded fluorescence. B. The upper panel, Simultaneous fluorescent (Vf) and microelectrode (Ve) recordings of action potentials in the frog heart stained with Merocyanine- 540. The lower panel, Optical recording of action potentials from different regions of the heart stained with di-4-ANEPPS: ventricular and atrial working myocardium, AV node, and Crista terminalis. Modified from Boukens et al and Efimov et al.[27, 74]