Fig. 1. Effect sizes of APOE ε4 status and Aβ positivity on neuropsychological measures in participants with MCI. Effect sizes were calculated using Cohen’s d. The magnitude of the differences in scores on each neuropsychological measure are presented according to apolipoprotein E (APOE) ε4 status (ε4 non-carriers and ε4 carriers; gray bars) and beta-amyloid positivity (Aβ negative and positive; shaded bars). Lower scores on the ADAS-cog11, ADAS-cog13, TMT A, and TMT B indicate better performances. MMSE, Mini-Mental State Examination; ADAS-cog11, Alzheimer’s Disease Assessment Scale-cognitive subscale, consisting of 11 items; ADAS-cog13, Alzheimer’s Disease Assessment Scale-cognitive subscale, consisting of 13 items; MoCA, Montreal Cognitive Assessment; ADNI_Mem, Alzheimer’s Disease Neuroimaging Initiative composite score for memory; RAVLT_imm, Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test, immediate recall score; RAVLT_delayed, RAVLT, delayed recall score; RAVLT_recog, RAVLT, recognition score; LM_imm, Logical Memory, immediate recall score; LM_delayed, LM, delayed recall score; ADNI_EF, Alzheimer’s Disease Neuroimaging Initiative composite score for executive functioning; TMT, Trail Making Test; BNT, Boston Naming Test. *False discovery rate (FDR)-corrected P < 0.05.