Table 1.
Mucosal vaccines available for human clinical use
| Target | Route | Type | Protocol | Trade name (Producer) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Poliovirus | Oral | Live attenuated poliovirus monovalent (Sabin strain type 1), bivalent (type 1 and 2), or trivalent (type 1, 2 and 3) | 3 doses, with at least 4 weeks between doses (0–5 years old) | Polio Sabin Mono Two (GlaxoSmithKline), Sabin (Biken) and others |
| Rotavirus | Oral | Live reassortant rotavirus containing G1, G2, G3, G4, and P1A | 3 doses, with 4–10 weeks between doses (only infants 6–32 weeks old) | RotaTeq (Merck) |
| Live attenuated human G1P[8] rotavirus | 2 doses at least 4 weeks apart (only infants 6–24 weeks old) | RotaRix (GlaxoSmithKline) | ||
| Salmonella typhi | Oral | Live attenuated S. typhi Ty21a | 4 doses on alternate days (persons older than 6 years) | Vivotif (Crucell) |
| Vibrio cholerae | Oral | Killed whole-cell V. cholerae O1 and recombinant cholera toxin B subunit | 2 doses given 1–6 weeks apart (3 doses for children 2–6 years old) | Dukoral (Crucell) |
| Killed bivalent whole-cell V. cholerae O1 and O139 | 2 doses 2 weeks apart (persons older than 1 year) | Shanchol (Shanta Biotechnics), mORC-Vax (Vabiotech) | ||
| Influenza virus | Nasal | Live attenuated influenza virus reassortants of A/H1N1, A/H3N2, B/Yamagata/16/88, and B/Victoria/2/87 | 1 or 2 doses (persons 2–49 years old) | FluMist Quadrivalent (MedImmune) |
| Live attenuated influenza virus A/H1N1 | 1 or 2 doses (persons older than 3 years) | Nasovac (Serum Institute of India) | ||