Table 1.
Categorization of commonly used dissemination and implementation models [adapted from Tabak et al. (20)].
| Dissemination and/or implementation | Construct flexibility: loosely defined to highly structured constructs (scale 1–5) | Socio-ecological level |
|||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| System | Community | Organization | Individual | Policy | |||
| RE-AIM (8) | D = I | 4 | X | X | X | ||
| Consolidated framework for implementation research (21) | I-only | 4 | X | X | |||
| Framework for knowledge translation (22) | D-only | 5 | X | X | X | ||
| Normalization process theory (23) | I-only | 3 | X | X | X | X | |
| Health promotion research center framework (24) | D > I | 4 | X | X | X | X | |
| The precede–proceed model (25) | D = I | 5 | X | X | X | ||
| Replicating effective programs plus framework (26) | I-only | 4 | X | X | |||
D, dissemination; I, implementation.