Table 1.

Inclusion and exclusion criteria for study participation

Inclusion criteria

Elective LC for enlarged gallbladder polyps or symptomatic cholelithiasis.

Adult patient (18-65 yr).

ASA physical status I/II.

Exclusion criteria

Acute pancreatitis or cholecystitis (<6 wk).

History of previous abdominal surgery.

Patients with comorbid diseases (i.e, diabetes mellitus, severe hepatic or renal impairment) or valvular heart disease using oral anticoagulant drugs.

Chronic pain treatment.

History of alcohol or drug addiction.

Extreme overweight (BMI > 35).

Allergy to the drugs used in the present study.

Cognitive impairment or communication problems.

Pregnancy or lactating.

ASA, American Society of Anesthesiologist; BMI, body mass index; LC, laparoscopic cholecystectomy.