Table 2.

Facilitators and barriers for e-mental health utilization (N=17).

Reference	E-therapy utilization: Facilitators	E-therapy utilization: Barriers	Non-significant factors
[23]	Motivated to seek face-to-face help rather than receive no help	Not preferring online treatment	Self-reliance
		Females prefer face-to-face help	Shyness
	Males who would have otherwise chosen no help	Lower mental health literacy	Stigma
	Higher mental health literacy	Viewing e-therapy as impersonal
	Anonymity of the Internet	Lack of trust
	Accessibility of information	Not knowing who you are talking to
	Connecting with others who have been through the same thing	Lack of customized feedback
[24]	Knowledge about e-mental health through provision of textual information	Lack of knowledge about e-mental health	Type of e-mental health service
		Attitude that online programs without therapist assistance are not helpful
[26]	Female	Male	—
	Higher education	Low education
	Not married	Young age
	History of depression	Lack of interest
	Higher depressive symptoms	Stigma
	More free time	Too busy
		Prefer to deal alone
[27]	High adherence	—	—
	High satisfaction linked to likelihood of recommending to others
[28]	High satisfaction linked to likelihood of recommending to others	—	—
[29]	Attractive visual appeal	Technology issues	Individual mental health issues
	Ease of use	Time constraints for service providers	Age
	Culturally appropriate	Concern for job security	Sex
	Enjoyable / fun	Translation into Indigenous languages
	Appropriate training for service providers
[31]	Positive attitudes towards e-mental health in general	Male	—
		Interactive games were not preferred
[32]	Privacy and anonymity	Ideas about masculinity	—
		Preference for reliance on informal networks
		Preference for self-help
		Generalized scepticism of “interventions”
[33]	Low severity of mental health symptoms	Lack of information about effectiveness of e-mental health	The need for reliable Internet
		Lack of knowledge about treatments available	Lack of computer skills
		Lack of established guidelines	IT support
		Unclear about legal issues involved or liabilities of recommending e-therapies
		Lack of training for health professionals
		Preference for not seeking help at all over using e-mental health
		Lack of experience in using e-mental health treatments
[34]	Good adherence	—	Low acceptability
	High satisfaction, linked to likelihood of recommending e-mental health
[35]	Female	Male	Metropolitan versus rural location of residence
	Younger age (15-54)	Older age
		Low overall usage
[36]	High satisfaction	Therapist initial scepticism	—
[42]	Monitored settings, such as school-based settings	Unmonitored-settings	History of depression
	Female	Male
	Living in rural areas
[45]	Symptoms of depression, anxiety, or stress were more likely to be interested in mobile mental health	Perceived as not helpful	Sex
		Negative attitudes towards technology	Age
	Speed and convenience	Privacy concerns	Employment
	Ease of access	Lack of Internet access on mobile phone	Marital status
	Positive attitude towards self-help	Small screen of mobile phone
	At least some access
	Less confronting than face-to-face-consultation
[47]	Usability, privacy	Inadequate (private) Internet access in some rural settings	—
	Provides some services to rural areas where there is a lack of service	Reading difficulties among consumers
	Training for clinicians	Computer literacy
	Provision of informational materials for providers and consumers	Difficulty accessing training in the rural environment
	Ability for e-mental health to be integrated with existing care	Practitioner concerns about lack of feedback from clients, rumination or social isolation
	Promotion of e-mental health as an effective treatment	Scepticism about the effectiveness of e-mental health treatments
		Lack of time to explore resources
[49]	Embarrassment of face-to-face	Prefer face-to-face	Got told not to use
	Believed that e-mental health would be useful	Embarrassment	Lack of access to computer/Internet
	Privacy and anonymity	Perceived as not effective
	Convenience	Cannot see a person
	Bridges travel issues	Inferior to communication with therapist
	Reduced costs	Do not know what e-mental health care is
	Willingness to try	Prefer self-management
	Useful for mild symptoms	Too confronting
		Problems not severe enough
		Prefer medications
		Sounds too risky
		Lack of time
[50]	High level of satisfaction, related to likelihood of recommending treatment to a friend.	—	—