Table 2. Multivariate linear regression of HbA1c level.

Variables	All		CKD stage 3-4		CKD stage 5
	β(95% CI)	p-value	β(95% CI)	p-value	β(95% CI)	p-value
Age (years)	−0.009 (−0.014 to −0.003)	0.002	−0.009 (−0.016 to −0.002)	0.010	−0.012 (−0.021 to −0.003)	0.010
Male vs.female	0.029 (−0.116 to 0.174)	0.693	−0.060 (−0.254 to 0.134)	0.546	0.116 (−0.097 to 0.329)	0.283
CVD	0.030 (−0.113 to 0.173)	0.680	0.015 (−0.174 to 0.205)	0.876	0.061 (−0.150 to 0.272)	0.573
BMI (m2/kg)	0.002 (−0.015 to 0.002)	0.795	0.005 (−0.018 to 0.028)	0.684	−0.005 (−0.031 to 0.022)	0.738
MAP (mmHg)	−0.002 (−0.007 to 0.003)	0.421	0.004 (−0.003 to 0.010)	0.285	−0.009 (−0.017 to−0.002)	0.011
eGFR (ml/min/1.73 m2)	0.012 (0.005 to 0.018)	<0.001	0.003 (−0.005 to 0.012)	0.451	0.070 (0.031 to 0.108)	<0.001
Log (UPCR)	0.308 (0.146 to 0.469)	<0.001	0.254 (0.060 to 0.448)	0.010	0.233 (−0.075 to 0.541)	0.138
Albumin (g/dl)	−0.210 (−0.343 to −0.077)	0.002	−0.206 (−0.382 to −0.029)	0.022	−0.199 (−0.397 to −0.001)	0.049
Hemoglobin (g/dl)	0.099 (0.058 to 0.141)	<0.001	0.072 (0.021 to 0.123)	0.006	0.152 (0.076 to 0.228)	<0.001
Log (cholesterol)	2.098 (1.524 to 2.672)	<0.001	2.142 (1.391 to 2.892)	<0.001	1.747 (0.871 to 2.623)	<0.001
Log (CRP)	0.059 (−0.011 to 0.130)	0.097	0.079 (−0.011 to 0.168)	0.085	0.024 (−0.088 to 0.135)	0.677
Phosphate (mg/dl)	−0.063 (−0.133 to 0.006)	0.072	0.017 (−0.092 to 0.127)	0.757	−0.010 (−0.103 to 0.082)	0.832

Abbreviations: HbA1c, glycated hemoglobin; CKD, chronic kidney disease; CVD, cardiovascular disease; BMI, body mass index; MAP, mean arterial pressure; eGFR, estimated glomerular filtration rate; UPCR, urine protein-to-creatinine ratio; CRP, C-reactive protein.

P < 0.05 indicated a significantly associated with HbA1c levels.