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. 2016 Jan 28;6:20001. doi: 10.1038/srep20001

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(a) The microstructural model from butterfly wing scales Papilio nireus revealing the far red-to-NIR absorption enhancement due to the 3D architectures. (b) light-harvesting plasmonic nanoantennas (gold NRs) onto a typical photocatalytic unit (bismuth vanadate) with biological 3D architectures. (c) Illustration of structure-enhanced LSPR-induced electric fields by the comparison between Au NRs within nanoarchitectures and Au NRs on the slab. (d) Illustration of the mechanism of isopropyl alcohol (IPA) photodegradation. (e) Photocatalytic processes for IPA degradation and photoelectrocatalytic process.