Table 1.
Summarized data of the analyzed patients with BPD and control persons a.
| Category | BPD Patients (n = 24) | Control Persons (n = 11) |
|---|---|---|
| Female | 24 | 11 |
| Mean age (±SD) | 33 ± 11 | 32 ± 7 |
| DSM-IV criteria 1 b | 75% (18/24) | 0% (p ≤ 0.001) c |
| DSM-IV criteria 2 b | 54% (13/24) | 0% (p ≤ 0.003) c |
| DSM-IV criteria 3 b | 92% (22/24) | 0% (p ≤ 0.001) c |
| DSM-IV criteria 4 b | 63% (15/24) | 0% (p ≤ 0.001) c |
| DSM-IV criteria 5 b | 88% (21/24) | 0% (p ≤ 0.001) c |
| DSM-IV criteria 6 b | 88% (21/24) | 0% (p ≤ 0.001) c |
| DSM-IV criteria 7 b | 58% (14/24) | 0% (p ≤ 0.002) c |
| DSM-IV criteria 8 b | 63% (15/24) | 0% (p ≤ 0.001) c |
| DSM-IV criteria 9 b | 54% (13/24) | 0% (p ≤ 0.003) c |
| Observed positive diagnosis | 100% (24/24) | 0% (p ≤ 0.001) c |
| Acute self injuring behavior (ASIB) a | 63% (15/24) | 0% (p ≤ 0.002) c |
| Prior self injuring behavior (PSIB) a | 88% (21/24) | 0% (p ≤ 0.001) c |
| Suicide background (SB) a | 83% (20/24) | 0% (p ≤ 0.001) c |
| Nicotine consumption (NC) a | 71% (17/24) | 36% (4/11) (n.s.) c |
| Alcohol abuse (AA) a | 25% (6/24) | 0% (n.s.) c |
| Additional drug abuse (ADA) a | 17% (4/24) | 0% (n.s.) c |
| Prior traumatic experience (PTE) a | 63% (15/24) | 0% (p ≤ 0.001) c |
a More details are listed in Table 2 and [19]; b DSM-IV: A pervasive pattern of instability of interpersonal relationships, self-image, and affects, and marked impulsivity beginning by early adulthood and present in a variety of contexts, as indicated by five (or more) of the following: criteria (crit.) 1: frantic efforts to avoid real or imagined abandonment. Note 1: Do not include suicidal or self-mutilating behavior covered in crit. 5; crit. 2: a pattern of unstable and intense interpersonal relationships characterized by alternating between extremes of idealization and devaluation; crit. 3: identity disturbance: markedly and persistently unstable self image or sense of self; crit. 4: impulsivity in at least two areas that are potentially self-damaging (e.g., spending, sex, substance abuse, reckless driving, binge eating); Note 2: Do not include suicidal or self-mutilating behavior covered in crit. 5; crit. 5: recurrent suicidal behavior, gestures, or threats, or self-mutilating behavior; crit. 6: affective instability due to a marked reactivity of mood (e.g., intense episodic dysphoria, irritability, or anxiety usually lasting a few hours and only rarely more than a few days); crit. 7: chronic feelings of emptiness; crit. 8: inappropriate, intense anger or difficulty controlling anger (e.g., frequent displays of temper, constant anger, recurrent physical fights; crit. 9: transient, stress-related paranoid ideation or severe dissociative symptoms; c two tailed Fisher exact probability test: n.s. not significant (p > 0.05).