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. 2016 Jan 20;17(1):134. doi: 10.3390/ijms17010134

Figure 3.

Figure 3

Isoproterenol-induced and unprovoked atrial fibrillation (AF) were observed only in msVLDL mice. (A–D) Representative tracings of young mice after ISO injection show abnormalities including normal regular sinus rhythm in the control group (n = 5), premature atrial complex (PAC) in the nVLDL group, premature ventricular complex (PVC *) and AF (absence of clear P waves and irregular RR intervals) in the msVLDL group (n = 5); (E) Heart rate responses after isoproterenol injection were not different among groups; (F) For elderly mice, spontaneous, unprovoked AF was noted in the msVLDL group (n = 6) with an incidence of 50%. PAC was observed in one mouse in the nVLDL group (n = 5). All control mice (n = 5) had sinus rhythm. $ p < 0.001 for msVLDL vs. control and # p < 0.001 for msVLDL vs. nVLDL.