Table 4.
Regression models with heart rate as dependent variable (N = 54 subjects *).
| Parameter | Model 1 | Model 2 | Model 3 | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Coefficient | SE | p-Value | Coefficient | SE | p-Value | Coefficient | SE | p-Value | |
| Intercept | 52.5 | 5.1 | 0.001 | 52.2 | 17.2 | 0.00 | 88.1 | 34.4 | 0.01 |
| Around smokers | |||||||||
| No | 2.6 | 1.4 | 0.06 | −20.1 | 2.2 | 0.00 | 11.5 | 4.7 | 0.01 |
| Yes | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref |
| Age (years) | −0.1 | 0.1 | 0.3 | 0.6 | 0.6 | 0.3 | 0.8 | 0.6 | 0.15 |
| Income (Cedis) | −1.4 | 0.8 | 0.07 | −0.3 | 2.3 | .0.9 | -2.8 | 1.9 | 0.13 |
| LEQ noise level (dBA) ** | 0.5 | 0.05 | 0.001 | 0.3 | 0.1 | 0.01 | 0.2 | 0.08 | 0.01 |
| Work activity | |||||||||
| Dismantling cars or refrigerators | −7.8 | 7.7 | 0.3 | −11.4 | 6.5 | 0.08 | |||
| Collecting rubbish or iron, burning | −0.3 | 6.1 | 1.0 | 4.1 | 6.2 | 0.51 | |||
| Buying, loading, or sorting scrap | −0.6 | 7.6 | 0.9 | −12.1 | 7.0 | 0.08 | |||
| Working scrap TV/computer/car engines | 17.0 | 5.4 | 0.00 | −4.1 | 7.2 | 0.60 | |||
| Miscellaneous | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | |||
| Noise away from work | |||||||||
| No | −30.5 | 6.7 | 0.001 | ||||||
| Yes | Ref | Ref | Ref | ||||||
| Exposed to unfavorable physical work conditions | |||||||||
| Sometimes | −20.2 | 3.4 | 0.001 | ||||||
| Almost always | −20.9 | 7.0 | 0.003 | ||||||
| Always | Ref | Ref | Ref | ||||||
| PSS score | −0.3 | 0.74 | 0.7 | ||||||
* One subject reporting 24 h of work time was dropped from analysis, along with one subject who did not report smoking status and the single subject who reported consuming alcohol.
** Intervals of noise with LEQ levels below the limit of detection were assigned values of 49.5 dBA (i.e., 70/).