Table 1.
Basic characteristics of 13,738 participants according to the status of hypertension.
| Characteristic | Normotension | Hypertension | Prevalence a (%) | p b |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Total, N | 9586 | 4152 | 30.22 | |
| Sex, N (%) | 0.044 | |||
| Female | 5033 (52.5) | 2258 (54.38) | 30.97 | |
| Male | 4553 (47.5) | 1894 (45.62) | 29.38 | |
| Age, mean(SD)/years | 70.92 (8.34) | 72.91 (8.21) | - | <0.001 |
| Age level, N (%) | <0.001 | |||
| 60~ | 2751 (28.7) | 790 (19.03) | 22.31 | |
| 65~ | 2211 (23.06) | 858 (20.66) | 27.96 | |
| 70~ | 1508 (15.73) | 759 (18.28) | 33.48 | |
| 75~ | 1416 (14.77) | 786 (18.93) | 35.69 | |
| 80~ | 961 (10.03) | 575 (13.85) | 37.43 | |
| 85~ | 739 (7.71) | 384 (9.25) | 34.19 | |
| Salt-eating habit, N (%) | <0.001/0.976 d | |||
| Low | 4283 (44.68) | 1976 (47.59) | 31.57 | |
| Medium | 4584 (47.82) | 1839 (44.29) | 28.63 | |
| High | 719 (7.5) | 337 (8.12) | 31.91 | |
| Occupation, N (%) | <0.001 | |||
| Indoor labor | 4591 (47.89) | 2393 (57.63) | 34.26 | |
| Outdoor labor | 4995 (52.11) | 1759 (42.37) | 26.04 | |
| Education, N (%) | <0.001 | |||
| Illiterate | 3230 (33.69) | 1295 (31.19) | 28.62 | |
| Primary | 3033 (31.64) | 1169 (28.16) | 27.82 | |
| Junior high school | 1763 (18.39) | 838 (20.18) | 32.22 | |
| Senior high school and beyond | 1560 (16.27) | 850 (20.47) | 35.27 | |
| BMI (kg/m2) c, N (%) | 0.132 | |||
| Underweight (<18.5) | 477 (4.98) | 189 (4.55) | 28.38 | |
| Normal (18.5–22.9) | 5733 (59.81) | 2453 (59.08) | 29.97 | |
| Overweight (23.0–26.9) | 2735 (28.53) | 1239 (29.84) | 31.18 | |
| Obese (≥27) | 641 (6.69) | 271 (6.53) | 29.71 | |
| Marriage, N (%) | 0.079 | |||
| In-marriage | 6730 (70.21) | 2826 (68.06) | 29.57 | |
| Single | 98 (1.02) | 42 (1.01) | 30.00 | |
| Divorced | 96 (1) | 49 (1.18) | 33.79 | |
| Widowed | 2662 (27.77) | 1235 (29.74) | 31.69 | |
| Number of Children, N (%) | 0.003 | |||
| 0 | 246 (2.57) | 84 (2.02) | 25.45 | |
| 1 | 1482 (15.46) | 578 (13.92) | 28.06 | |
| 2 | 2518 (26.27) | 1112 (26.78) | 30.63 | |
| ≥3 | 5340 (55.71) | 2378 (57.27) | 30.81 | |
| Smoking, N (%) | <0.001 | |||
| Never | 6024 (62.84) | 2832 (68.21) | 31.98 | |
| Sometimes | 1365 (14.24) | 489 (11.78) | 26.38 | |
| Often | 1660 (17.32) | 526 (12.67) | 24.06 | |
| Quit | 537 (5.6) | 305 (7.35) | 36.22 | |
| Alcohol Drinking, N (%) | <0.001 | |||
| Never | 6469 (67.48) | 2896 (69.75) | 30.92 | |
| Sometimes | 2279 (23.77) | 861 (20.74) | 27.42 | |
| Often | 491 (5.12) | 193 (4.65) | 28.22 | |
| Quit | 347 (3.62) | 202 (4.87) | 36.79 | |
| Exercise, N (%) | 0.057 | |||
| Never | 3602 (37.58) | 1472 (35.45) | 29.01 | |
| Sometimes | 3505 (36.56) | 1581 (38.08) | 31.09 | |
| Often | 2479 (25.86) | 1099 (26.47) | 30.72 |
a prevalence of hypertension; b p value of Chi-square test or Cochran-Armitage trend test to assess the relationship between hypertension and the other variables. For the ordinal variables including age, salt-eating habit, education, BMI, and number of children, Cochran-Armitage trend test was used, and for the others, Chi-square test was used; c BMI: body mass index; d Both Chi-square test or Cochran-Armitage trend test were used, obtaining p value < 0.001 and p value = 0.976, respectively.