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. 2016 Jan 25;84(2):395–406. doi: 10.1128/IAI.00870-15

FIG 4.

FIG 4

Effect of therapeutic administration of L. paracasei BL23 strains displaying cell wall-anchored VHH fragments neutralizing TcdB in a hamster model of C. difficile infection. (A) Schematic outline of the hamster infection model treated with engineered L. paracasei BL23 strains expressing cell wall-anchored toxin-neutralizing VHH fragments. Clindamycin (30 mg/kg of body weight) was given at day −1 to destabilize the gastrointestinal flora. Hamsters were challenged with 103 spores of C. difficile 630 TcdA− TcdB+ at day 0. A dose of 5 × 109 CFU each of KKA413 (VHH-B2) and KKA416 (VHH-G3) was given twice daily by gavage. The following markers of progression of disease were monitored daily: GDH and TcdB in feces, diarrhea (wet tail), and mortality. (B) Viability of hamsters challenged with spores of C. difficile 630 TcdA− TcdB+. *, P < 0.05. Anc, cell wall anchored.