Table 2.
Determinants of frequent attendance among men and women in the DCH cohort (N = 54,849)
| Frequent attendance | ||
|---|---|---|
| Crude modela | Adjusted modelb | |
| OR (95 % CI) | OR (95 % CI) | |
| Gender | ||
| Male (n = 26,206) | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Female (n = 28,643) | 1.95 (1.85–2.06) | 1.26 (1.09–1.47) |
| Age | ||
| 50–54 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| 55–59 | 1.28 (1.20–1.37) | 1.07 (1.00–1.14) |
| 60–65 | 1.54 (1.45–1.65) | 1.04 (0.97–1.12) |
| BMI | ||
| Underweight (<18.5 kg/m2) | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Normal weight (18.5–24.9 kg/m2) | 0.79 (0.60–1.06) | 0.92 (0.68–1.24) |
| Overweight (25–29.9 kg/m2) | 1.12 (0.84–1.49) | 1.16 (0.86–1.57) |
| Obese (≥30 kg/m2) | 1.87 (1.40–2.51) | 1.54 (1.14–2.08) |
| Alcohol consumption | ||
| Below the recommended weekly limit | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Above the recommended weekly limit | 0.79 (0.74–0.83) | 0.83 (0.78–0.87) |
| Smoking status | ||
| Never | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Previous | 1.27 (1.18–1.36) | 1.21 (1.12–1.30) |
| Current | 1.29 (1.21–1.38) | 1.21 (1.13–1.30) |
| Physical activity | ||
| No leisure time physical activity | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Physically active in leisure time | 0.71 (0.68–0.75) | 0.84 (0.80–0.89) |
| Marital status | ||
| Unmarried | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Divorced | 1.18 (1.05–1.34) | 1.03 (0.90–1.17) |
| Widow/widower | 1.00 (0.86–1.15) | 0.87 (0.75–1.03) |
| Married | 0.85 (0.76–0.95) | 0.83 (0.73–0.94) |
| Occupational status | ||
| Unemployed | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Employed | 0.48 (0.45–0.51) | 0.61 (0.57–0.65) |
| Educational status | ||
| No vocational training | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Higher education, <3 years | 0.65 (0.60–0.70) | 0.77 (0.71–0.84) |
| Higher education, 3–4 years | 0.59 (0.55–0.63) | 0.72 (0.66–0.78) |
| Higher education, >4 years | 0.48 (0.44–0.52) | 0.63 (0.57–0.69) |
| Urbanization | ||
| Suburban | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Urban | 1.02 (0.97–1.08) | 0.95 (0.90–1.01) |
| Medical conditions | ||
| Heart attack | 2.62 (2.26–3.04) | 1.15 (0.97–1.37) |
| High cholesterol | 2.11 (1.94–2.29) | 1.38 (1.25–1.51) |
| Angina pectoris | 2.98 (2.65–3.34) | 1.62 (1.42–1.86) |
| Stroke | 2.67 (2.24–3.18) | 1.47 (1.22–1.78) |
| Hypertension | 3.15 (2.97–3.34) | 2.58 (2.42–2.75) |
| Diabetes | 3.68 (3.22–4.20) | 2.24 (1.94–2.59) |
| Gallstones | 1.81 (1.64–2.00) | 1.41 (1.27–1.56) |
| Intestinal polyps | 1.50 (1.32–1.70) | 1.26 (1.10–1.45) |
| Mental illness | 2.60 (2.38–2.85) | 2.29 (2.09–2.52) |
| History of cancer in the family | 1.04 (0.99–1.10) | 1.04 (0.99–1.10) |
| Oral contraceptives (OC) use | ||
| Never | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Previous or current | 1.02 (0.96–1.09) | 1.03 (0.95–1.10) |
| Hormone therapy (HT) | ||
| Never | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Previous or current user | 1.57 (1.47–1.68) | 1.52 (1.42–1.63) |
| Number of pregnancies | ||
| 0 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| 1 or more | 1.23 (1.09–1.39) | 1.17 (1.02–1.34) |
aAdjusted for gender and age
bFully adjusted model for all covariates listed in Table 2