Table 3.
Determinants of frequent attendance in the DCH cohort (N = 54,849) by gender
| Frequent attendance | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Female (N = 28,643) | Male (N = 26,206) | ||||
| Crudea model | Adjustedb model | Crudea model | Adjustedb model | P-valuec | |
| OR (95 % CI) | OR (95 % CI) | OR (95 % CI) | OR (95 % CI) | ||
| Age | |||||
| 50–54 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | - |
| 55–59 | 1.19 (1.10–1.29) | 0.96 (0.88–1.04) | 1.49 (1.33–1.66) | 1.31 (1.16–1.47) | < .0001 |
| 60–65 | 1.34 (1.24–1.46) | 0.89 (0.81–0.98) | 1.99 (1.78–2.22) | 1.37 (1.21–1.55) | < .0001 |
| BMI | |||||
| Underweight (<18.5 kg/m2) | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | - |
| Normal weight (18.5–24.9 kg/m2) | 0.87 (0.64–1.19) | 0.98 (0.71–1.35) | 0.39 (0.19–0.80) | 0.66 (0.31–1.40) | 0.1169 |
| Overweight (25–29.9 kg/m2) | 1.30 (0.95–1.78) | 1.30 (0.94–1.80) | 0.53 (0.26–1.07) | 0.56 (0.26–1.19) | 0.0819 |
| Obese (≥30 kg/m2) | 1.94 (1.41–2.66) | 1.60 (1.15–2.23) | 1.02 (0.50–2.07) | 0.97 (0.45–2.05) | 0.2235 |
| Alcohol consumption | |||||
| Below the recommended weekly limit | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | - |
| Above the recommended weekly limit | 0.71 (0.67–0.77) | 0.79 (0.73–0.85) | 0.93 (0.85–1.02) | 0.88 (0.80–0.97) | 0.0519 |
| Smoking status | |||||
| Never | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | - |
| Previous | 1.19 (1.09–1.29) | 1.16 (1.06–1.26) | 1.44 (1.27–1.63) | 1.33 (1.16–1.51) | 0.0262 |
| Current | 1.27 (1.18–1.37) | 1.19 (1.09–1.29) | 1.39 (1.23–1.63) | 1.29 (1.14–1.48) | 0.1491 |
| Physical activity | |||||
| No leisure time physical activity | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | - |
| Physically active in leisure time | 0.74 (0.70–0.79) | 0.86 (0.80–0.93) | 0.67 (0.61–0.74) | 0.85 (0.77–0.94) | 0.2173 |
| Marital status | |||||
| Unmarried | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | - |
| Divorced | 1.29 (1.11–1.51) | 1.05 (0.88–1.25) | 1.02 (0.84–1.24) | 1.01 (0.82–1.25) | 0.9283 |
| Widow/widower | 1.14 (0.96–1.36) | 0.94 (0.78–1.15) | 0.86 (0.63–1.17) | 0.87 (0.62–1.21) | 0.7943 |
| Married | 0.99 (0.85–1.14) | 0.89 (0.76–1.05) | 0.65 (0.54–0.77) | 0.76 (0.63–0.91) | 0.2726 |
| Occupational status | |||||
| Unemployed | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | - |
| Employed | 0.52 (0.48–0.56) | 0.65 (0.61–0.71) | 0.40 (0.35–0.44) | 0.53 (0.48–0.60) | < .0001 |
| Educational status | |||||
| No vocational training | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | - |
| Higher education. <3 years | 0.65 (0.59–0.71) | 0.76 (0.69–0.84) | 0.64 (0.54–0.75) | 0.80 (0.67–0.95) | 0.9217 |
| Higher education. 3–4 years | 0.59 (0.54–0.64) | 0.71 (0.65–0.78) | 0.58 (0.51–0.67) | 0.71 (0.61–0.82) | 0.5737 |
| Higher education. >4 years | 0.47 (0.41–0.53) | 0.63 (0.55–0.73) | 0.48 (0.41–0.55) | 0.62 (0.53–0.72) | 0.4581 |
| Urbanization | |||||
| Suburban | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | - |
| Urban | 1.00 (0.94–1.07) | 0.95 (0.89–1.02) | 1.07 (0.97–1.17) | 0.94 (0.86–1.04) | 0.9194 |
| Medical conditions | |||||
| Heart attack | 2.64 (2.01–3.47) | 1.15 (0.85–1.57) | 2.54 (2.13–3.03) | 1.07 (0.87–1.32) | 0.5512 |
| High cholesterol | 1.95 (1.74–2.18) | 1.37 (1.211–1.55) | 2.35 (2.07–2.65) | 1.39 (1.20–1.59) | 0.1549 |
| Angina pectoris | 2.94 (2.48–3.48) | 1.65 (1.36–1.99) | 2.96 (2.52–3.47) | 1.53 (1.27–1.86) | 0.4896 |
| Stroke | 2.67 (2.07–3.44) | 1.66 (1.26–2.18) | 2.57 (2.01–3.28) | 1.20 (0.92–1.56) | 0.6247 |
| Hypertension | 2.70 (2.50–2.90) | 2.27 (2.09–2.46) | 4.13 (3.75–4.55) | 3.25 (2.92–3.60) | <.0001 |
| Diabetes | 3.05 (2.49–3.74) | 1.85 (1.49–2.31) | 4.20 (3.52–5.00) | 2.48 (2.05–3.00) | 0.0032 |
| Gallstones | 1.87 (1.68–2.08) | 1.45 (1.29–1.63) | 1.64 (1.28–2.10) | 1.30 (1.00–1.69) | 0.8436 |
| Intestinal polyps | 1.51 (1.27–1.78) | 1.20 (1.00–1.44) | 1.47 (1.21–1.79) | 1.36 (1.10–1.67) | 0.2483 |
| Mental illness | 2.51 (2.26–2.78) | 2.23 (2.00–2.49) | 2.88 (2.42–3.43) | 2.48 (2.06–2.99) | 0.4134 |
| History of cancer in the family | 1.06 (0.99–1.13) | 1.05 (0.98–1.12) | 1.01 (0.92–1.11) | 1.03 (0.94–1.13) | 0.7695 |
| Oral contraceptives (OC) use | |||||
| Never | 1.00 | 1.00 | - | - | - |
| Previous or current | 0.99 (0.93–1.06) | 0.99 (0.92–1.06) | |||
| Hormone therapy (HT) | |||||
| Never | 1.00 | 1.00 | - | - | - |
| Previous or current user | 1.59 (1.49–1.70) | 1.54 (1.44–1.65) | |||
| No. of pregnancies | |||||
| 0 | 1.00 | 1.00 | - | - | - |
| 1 | 1.21 (1.04–1.42) | 1.15 (0.97–1.36) | |||
| 2 | 1.13 (0.99–1.29) | 1.13 (0.97–1.32) | |||
| 3 | 1.16 (1.01–1.33) | 1.11 (0.95–1.30) | |||
| 4 | 1.30 (1.12–1.50) | 1.14 (0.96–1.35) | |||
| 5 | 1.52 (1.28–1.80) | 1.25 (1.03–1.51) | |||
| 6 | 1.54 (1.23–1.92) | 1.18 (0.92–1.50) | |||
| 7 | 1.55 (1.11–2.17) | 1.11 (0.77–1.57) | |||
| 8 | 2.12 (1.44–3.12) | 1.51 (0.99–2.29) | |||
aAdjusted for age
bFully adjusted model
c P-value for interaction between gender and given covariate