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. 2016 Jan 28;17:9. doi: 10.1186/s12875-016-0412-4

Table 3.

Determinants of frequent attendance in the DCH cohort (N = 54,849) by gender

Frequent attendance
Female (N = 28,643) Male (N = 26,206)
Crudea model Adjustedb model Crudea model Adjustedb model P-valuec
OR (95 % CI) OR (95 % CI) OR (95 % CI) OR (95 % CI)
Age
 50–54 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 -
 55–59 1.19 (1.10–1.29) 0.96 (0.88–1.04) 1.49 (1.33–1.66) 1.31 (1.16–1.47) < .0001
 60–65 1.34 (1.24–1.46) 0.89 (0.81–0.98) 1.99 (1.78–2.22) 1.37 (1.21–1.55) < .0001
BMI
 Underweight (<18.5 kg/m2) 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 -
 Normal weight (18.5–24.9 kg/m2) 0.87 (0.64–1.19) 0.98 (0.71–1.35) 0.39 (0.19–0.80) 0.66 (0.31–1.40) 0.1169
 Overweight (25–29.9 kg/m2) 1.30 (0.95–1.78) 1.30 (0.94–1.80) 0.53 (0.26–1.07) 0.56 (0.26–1.19) 0.0819
 Obese (≥30 kg/m2) 1.94 (1.41–2.66) 1.60 (1.15–2.23) 1.02 (0.50–2.07) 0.97 (0.45–2.05) 0.2235
Alcohol consumption
 Below the recommended weekly limit 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 -
 Above the recommended weekly limit 0.71 (0.67–0.77) 0.79 (0.73–0.85) 0.93 (0.85–1.02) 0.88 (0.80–0.97) 0.0519
Smoking status
 Never 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 -
 Previous 1.19 (1.09–1.29) 1.16 (1.06–1.26) 1.44 (1.27–1.63) 1.33 (1.16–1.51) 0.0262
 Current 1.27 (1.18–1.37) 1.19 (1.09–1.29) 1.39 (1.23–1.63) 1.29 (1.14–1.48) 0.1491
Physical activity
 No leisure time physical activity 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 -
 Physically active in leisure time 0.74 (0.70–0.79) 0.86 (0.80–0.93) 0.67 (0.61–0.74) 0.85 (0.77–0.94) 0.2173
Marital status
 Unmarried 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 -
 Divorced 1.29 (1.11–1.51) 1.05 (0.88–1.25) 1.02 (0.84–1.24) 1.01 (0.82–1.25) 0.9283
 Widow/widower 1.14 (0.96–1.36) 0.94 (0.78–1.15) 0.86 (0.63–1.17) 0.87 (0.62–1.21) 0.7943
 Married 0.99 (0.85–1.14) 0.89 (0.76–1.05) 0.65 (0.54–0.77) 0.76 (0.63–0.91) 0.2726
Occupational status
 Unemployed 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 -
 Employed 0.52 (0.48–0.56) 0.65 (0.61–0.71) 0.40 (0.35–0.44) 0.53 (0.48–0.60) < .0001
Educational status
 No vocational training 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 -
 Higher education. <3 years 0.65 (0.59–0.71) 0.76 (0.69–0.84) 0.64 (0.54–0.75) 0.80 (0.67–0.95) 0.9217
 Higher education. 3–4 years 0.59 (0.54–0.64) 0.71 (0.65–0.78) 0.58 (0.51–0.67) 0.71 (0.61–0.82) 0.5737
 Higher education. >4 years 0.47 (0.41–0.53) 0.63 (0.55–0.73) 0.48 (0.41–0.55) 0.62 (0.53–0.72) 0.4581
Urbanization
 Suburban 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 -
 Urban 1.00 (0.94–1.07) 0.95 (0.89–1.02) 1.07 (0.97–1.17) 0.94 (0.86–1.04) 0.9194
Medical conditions
 Heart attack 2.64 (2.01–3.47) 1.15 (0.85–1.57) 2.54 (2.13–3.03) 1.07 (0.87–1.32) 0.5512
 High cholesterol 1.95 (1.74–2.18) 1.37 (1.211–1.55) 2.35 (2.07–2.65) 1.39 (1.20–1.59) 0.1549
 Angina pectoris 2.94 (2.48–3.48) 1.65 (1.36–1.99) 2.96 (2.52–3.47) 1.53 (1.27–1.86) 0.4896
 Stroke 2.67 (2.07–3.44) 1.66 (1.26–2.18) 2.57 (2.01–3.28) 1.20 (0.92–1.56) 0.6247
 Hypertension 2.70 (2.50–2.90) 2.27 (2.09–2.46) 4.13 (3.75–4.55) 3.25 (2.92–3.60) <.0001
 Diabetes 3.05 (2.49–3.74) 1.85 (1.49–2.31) 4.20 (3.52–5.00) 2.48 (2.05–3.00) 0.0032
 Gallstones 1.87 (1.68–2.08) 1.45 (1.29–1.63) 1.64 (1.28–2.10) 1.30 (1.00–1.69) 0.8436
 Intestinal polyps 1.51 (1.27–1.78) 1.20 (1.00–1.44) 1.47 (1.21–1.79) 1.36 (1.10–1.67) 0.2483
 Mental illness 2.51 (2.26–2.78) 2.23 (2.00–2.49) 2.88 (2.42–3.43) 2.48 (2.06–2.99) 0.4134
 History of cancer in the family 1.06 (0.99–1.13) 1.05 (0.98–1.12) 1.01 (0.92–1.11) 1.03 (0.94–1.13) 0.7695
Oral contraceptives (OC) use
 Never 1.00 1.00 - - -
 Previous or current 0.99 (0.93–1.06) 0.99 (0.92–1.06)
Hormone therapy (HT)
 Never 1.00 1.00 - - -
 Previous or current user 1.59 (1.49–1.70) 1.54 (1.44–1.65)
No. of pregnancies
 0 1.00 1.00 - - -
 1 1.21 (1.04–1.42) 1.15 (0.97–1.36)
 2 1.13 (0.99–1.29) 1.13 (0.97–1.32)
 3 1.16 (1.01–1.33) 1.11 (0.95–1.30)
 4 1.30 (1.12–1.50) 1.14 (0.96–1.35)
 5 1.52 (1.28–1.80) 1.25 (1.03–1.51)
 6 1.54 (1.23–1.92) 1.18 (0.92–1.50)
 7 1.55 (1.11–2.17) 1.11 (0.77–1.57)
 8 2.12 (1.44–3.12) 1.51 (0.99–2.29)

aAdjusted for age

bFully adjusted model

c P-value for interaction between gender and given covariate