Table 3.

Psychometrics characteristics of the Wagnild & Young Resilience Scale

				Number of factors		Correlation (r)
	Scale	n	Cronbach’s α	EFA	CFA	ER	GHQ	BDI-II
Girtler, et al. (2010) [26]	RS	178	0.86	6	–	0.59*	0.45*	−0.31*
Resnick & Inguito (2011) [28]	RS	101	0.91	1	1	–	–	–
	RS	163	0.83		1	–	–	–
von Eisenhart Rothe, et al. (2013) [27]	RS-11	3712	0.86	1	–	–	–	–
	RS-5		0.80	–	–	–	–	–

SD standard deviation; EFA Exploratory Factor Analysis; ER Ego-Resilience Scale ⁴⁶; GHQ General Health Questionnaire ⁴⁷; BDI-II Beck Depression Inventory Second Edition ⁴⁸

*p < .0001