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. 2016 Jan 28;7:19. doi: 10.1186/s13287-015-0273-0

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© Jessop et al. 2016

Open AccessThis article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated.

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Fig. 3 — Three-dimensional-printed complex anatomical structures based on polycaprolactone (PCL) with polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) support. a–c Vascular tree. d–f Right ear. g–i DNA helix. a, d, g Computer-aided designs showing permanent (red) and sacrificial (grey) components. b, e, h Printed structures showing PCL (bright white) and PVA (off-white). d, f, i PCL scaffold after sacrificing PVA support. Reproduced with permission from Visser et al. [131] and Institute of Physics Publishing