Table 1.
Characteristics of the study population (EPIC-Heidelberg, case-cohort sample)
| Incident cancer cases | Subcohort | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Colorectum | Breast | Prostate | Women | Men | |
| N | 163 | 362 | 310 | 426 | 348 |
| Age at recruitment (years) | 55.8 ± 6.4 | 51.4 ± 7.8 | 57.9 ± 5.2 | 49.1 ± 8.5 | 52.3 ± 7.1 |
| Women (%) | 37.4 | 100 | |||
| Menopausal status (%) | |||||
| Premenopausal | 31.5 | 48.6 | |||
| Postmenopausal | 68.5 | 51.4 | |||
| BMI (kg/m2) | 27.2 ± 3.8 | 25.1 ± 4.4 | 26.9 ± 3.3 | 24.8 ± 4.4 | 26.5 ± 3.4 |
| Waist circumference (cm) | 93.5 ± 12.5 | 81.0 ± 11.3 | 96.2 ± 9.6 | 79.8 ± 11.0 | 95.2 ± 9.8 |
| Smoking (%) | |||||
| Never | 31.9 | 55.0 | 42.6 | 50.5 | 34.4 |
| Former | 44.8 | 25.7 | 41.6 | 28.4 | 41.7 |
| Current | 23.3 | 19.3 | 15.8 | 21.1 | 23.9 |
| Physical activity (%)a | |||||
| Inactive | 12.3 | 11.6 | 11.6 | 9.9 | 11.8 |
| Moderately inactive | 34.3 | 35.1 | 36.1 | 34.5 | 31.3 |
| Moderately active | 27.0 | 26.5 | 29.7 | 29.8 | 29.6 |
| Active | 26.4 | 26.8 | 22.6 | 25.8 | 27.3 |
| Education level (%) | |||||
| Primary school | 33.1 | 24.6 | 34.2 | 25.6 | 25.9 |
| Secondary school | 34.4 | 48.6 | 32.9 | 51.2 | 33.0 |
| University degree | 32.5 | 26.8 | 32.9 | 23.2 | 41.1 |
| NSAID use (%) | 9.2 | 2.5 | 8.7 | 2.1 | 6.0 |
| Age at diagnosis (years) | 62.3 ± 7.2 | 57.5 ± 7.8 | 64.5 ± 5.2 | ||
| Stage at diagnosis (%) | |||||
| Local | 40.5 | 62.2 | 70.7 | ||
| Regional | 40.5 | 32.0 | 24.8 | ||
| Distant | 19.0 | 2.2 | 3.2 | ||
| Unknown | - | 3.6 | 1.3 | ||
Values are means ± standard deviations or proportions. aAccording to the Cambridge physical activity index