Table 2.
Effects of children’s hyperactive behavior at age 4 on their television viewing at age 5.
| B (SE) | β | SD of TV hours | Extra hours of TV per day 1 | Total hours of TV per day 2
|
|||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Low hyper. | Average hyper. | High hyper. | |||||
| Model 1: Full sample | |||||||
| Main effect of hyperactivity | 0.02 (0.01) * | .04 | 1.49 | 0.06 | 1.88 | 1.94 | 2.00 |
| Model 2: Stratification by income | |||||||
| G1: $0-$20,000 | 0.06 (0.02) ** a | .09 | 1.75 | 0.16 | 2.14 | 2.30 | 2.46 |
| G2: $20,001-$40,000 | 0.02 (0.03) a, b | .04 | 1.58 | 0.06 | 2.07 | 2.13 | 2.19 |
| G3: $40,001-$75,000 | −0.01 (0.02) b | -.02 | 1.37 | −0.03 | 1.84 | 1.81 | 1.78 |
| G4: $75,001 or more | 0.00 (0.02) b | .00 | 1.15 | 0.00 | 1.59 | 1.59 | 1.59 |
| Model 3: Stratification by education | |||||||
| G1: Less than high school | 0.11 (0.04) ** a | .17 | 1.92 | 0.33 | 2.24 | 2.57 | 2.90 |
| G2: High school/GED | −0.01 (0.02) b | -.02 | 1.55 | −0.03 | 2.18 | 2.15 | 2.12 |
| G3: Some college | 0.02 (0.02) b | .03 | 1.39 | 0.04 | 1.91 | 1.95 | 1.99 |
| G4: B.A. or greater | 0.03 (0.02) b | .05 | 1.28 | 0.06 | 1.54 | 1.60 | 1.66 |
| Model 4: Stratification by depression | |||||||
| G1: Not depressed | 0.02 (0.02) a | .03 | 1.45 | 0.04 | 1.83 | 1.87 | 1.91 |
| G2: Mildly depressed | 0.02 (0.02) a | .03 | 1.56 | 0.05 | 1.92 | 1.97 | 2.02 |
| G3: Moderately depressed | 0.03 (0.03) a, b | .05 | 1.42 | 0.07 | 2.00 | 2.07 | 2.14 |
| G4: Severely depressed | 0.11 (0.04) * b | .17 | 1.80 | 0.31 | 2.10 | 2.41 | 2.72 |
| Model 5: Stratification by parenting stress | |||||||
| G1: Not stressed | 0.03 (0.02) a | .05 | 1.47 | 0.07 | 1.91 | 1.98 | 2.05 |
| G2: Mildly stressed | 0.00 (0.03) a | .01 | 1.49 | 0.01 | 1.85 | 1.86 | 1.87 |
| G3: Moderately stressed | 0.03 (0.02) a | .04 | 1.44 | 0.06 | 1.81 | 1.87 | 1.93 |
| G4: Severely stressed | 0.01 (0.02) a | .02 | 1.59 | 0.03 | 2.07 | 2.10 | 2.13 |
| Model 6: Stratification by gender | |||||||
| Female | 0.04 (0.02) ** a | .07 | 1.51 | 0.11 | 1.81 | 1.92 | 2.03 |
| Male | 0.00 (0.01) b | .00 | 1.47 | 0.00 | 1.97 | 1.97 | 1.97 |
Note.
1
Calculated by multiplying the standardized coefficient by the weighted standard deviation of TV time within each group.
2
Calculated by adding/subtracting extra hours of TV per day from the weighted mean of each group.
a,b
Different superscripts within each model indicate that the hyperactivity coefficients were significantly different across groups. G = group.
***
p < .001.
**
p < .01.
*
p < .05.