Table 4. Variables significantly associated with positive MAT for Leptospira on univariable and multivariable analyses–Model B^ (environmental and census variables).
| Variables | No of subjects | Reactive MAT* | Sero-prevalence (%) | Univariable Odds Ratio (95% CI) | Adjusted Odds Ratio (95% CI) | p value# |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Urban/Rural | ||||||
| Urban/ Peri-urban | 866 | 108 | 12.5% | 1 | 1 | |
| Rural | 1286 | 309 | 24.0% | 2.22 (1.75–2.82) | 1.43 (1.07–1.91) | 0.016 |
| Poverty rate | ||||||
| < 40% | 1277 | 187 | 14.6% | 1 | 1 | |
| ≥ 40% | 875 | 230 | 26.3% | 2.08 (1.67–2.58) | 1.74 (1.31–2.31) | <0.001 |
| Distance between home and river or major creek | ||||||
| > 100m | 1590 | 279 | 17.6% | 1 | 1 | |
| ≤ 100m | 456 | 115 | 25.2% | 1.58 (1.24–2.03) | 1.41 (1.09–1.83) | 0.009 |
| Presence of pigs in community | ||||||
| No | 1587 | 266 | 16.8% | 1 | 1 | |
| Yes | 561 | 150 | 26.7% | 1.81 (1.44–2.28) | 1.54 (1.21–1.98) | 0.001 |
| Mean (Standard deviation) | ||||||
| Total cattle density in Tikina§ (per head of cattle per sq km) | ||||||
| Seronegative subjects | 8.86 (5.18) | |||||
| Seropositive subjects | 9.38 (5.83) | 1.02 (1.00–1.04) | 1.04 (1.02–1.06) | <0.001 | ||
| Maximum rainfall in wettest month (per mm) | ||||||
| Seronegative subjects | 372.83 (50.05) | |||||
| Seropositive subjects | 384.18 (79.01) | 1.003 (1.001–1.005) | 1.003 (1.001–1.005) | 0.002 | ||
^Model goodness of fit: AIC 1924.3, BIC 1963.6, df 7.
*Reactive MAT defined at titre of ≥1:50 for one or more serovars used in the 6-serovar panel
# p value for adjusted odds ratios, multivariable model
§ Includes both commercial and subsistence cattle