Figure 1. NUP88 overexpression drives tumorigenesis.

(A) Representative images of MEFs immunostained for HA and NUP88. Fixation with PFA was optimized for the NE (5 minutes in 1% PFA) or the entire cell (15 minutes in 3% PFA). (B) Western blot analysis of lung and colon tissue lysates from 6-week-old dox-treated HA-Nup88 and control (TA) transgenic mice. Ponceau S (PonS) staining of blotted proteins served as a loading control. (C) Spontaneous tumor incidence in 14-month-old transgenic mice. Sample sizes of 24 TA and 25 Nup88^T mice were used. (D) Spectrum of spontaneous tumor types observed. HCA, hepatocellular adenoma; HCC, hepatocellular carcinoma. (E) Representative gross and histological images of lung adenomas from 14-month-old transgenic mice. (F) Representative gross images of colon tumors from TA APC^+/Min and Nup88^T11 APC^+/Min mice. (G) Colon tumor incidence, (H) multiplicity, and (I) mean colon tumor size in TA APC^+/Min and Nup88^T11 APC^+/Min mice. Sample sizes of 20 TA APC^+/Min (90 d +dox), 24 Nup88^T11 APC^+/Min (90 d +dox), and 17 Nup88^T11 APC^+/Min (60 d +dox, 30 d −dox) mice were used. Data represent the mean ± SEM. Western blots are representative of 3 independent experiments. Statistical significance was determined using a 2-sided Fisher’s exact test (C and D) and a 1-sided Fisher’s exact test with Bonferroni’s correction (G). *P < 0.05 and **P < 0.01. Scale bars: 10 μm (A), 1 mm (E and F). Nup88^T indicates combined transgenic lines 11 and 13.