Table 1.
Baseline characteristics in the Women’s Health Initiative study population distributed by nocturnal enuresis status
| Variable | Overall (n = 161,808) | Presence of Nocturnal Enuresis
|
P-value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Yes (n = 2,789) | No (n = 152,342) | |||
| Age (yrs) | 63.2 (7.2) | 64.7 (7.4) | 63.3 (7.2) | < 0.001 |
| Race | ||||
| Black/African American | 9.2% | 8.6% | 9.2% | < 0.001 |
| White/Caucasian | 82.7% | 84.8% | 82.6% | |
| Hispanic/Latina | 3.9% | 3.5% | 3.9% | |
| Asian | 2.7% | 1.3% | 2.7% | |
| Other | 1.6% | 1.8% | 1.6% | |
| Education | ||||
| Less than high school | 5.3% | 8.1% | 5.3% | < 0.001 |
| High school graduate | 17.2% | 20.1% | 17.2% | |
| Some college | 37.9% | 40.9% | 37.8% | |
| College graduate | 39.6% | 30.9% | 39.8% | |
| Income (% annual household) | ||||
| < $20,000 | 16.7% | 25.0% | 16.6% | < 0.001 |
| $20,000 – $49,999 | 44.7% | 49.2% | 44.6% | |
| ≥ $50,000 | 38.6% | 25.9% | 38.8% | |
| Marital status | ||||
| Married or partnered | 62.2% | 55.4% | 62.3% | < 0.001 |
| Single/divorced/widowed | 37.8% | 44.6% | 37.7% | |
| Waist-to-hip ratio | 0.81 (0.08) | 0.83 (0.08) | 0.81 (0.08) | < 0.001 |
| Diabetes mellitus | 4.5% | 8.0% | 4.4% | < 0.001 |
| Hyperlipidemia | 14.3% | 17.4% | 14.2% | < 0.001 |
| Coronary heart disease | 7.0% | 12.6% | 6.9% | < 0.001 |
| Heart failure | 1.3% | 2.5% | 1.3% | < 0.001 |
| Atrial fibrillation | 4.4% | 6.9% | 4.3% | < 0.001 |
| Stroke | 1.3% | 2.8% | 1.3% | < 0.001 |
| Urge incontinence | 37.5% | 64.2% | 37.0% | < 0.001 |
| Stress incontinence | 42.6% | 56.4% | 42.3% | < 0.001 |
| Hormone therapy | 43.4% | 40.2% | 43.5% | < 0.001 |
| Diuretics | 14.0% | 18.1% | 13.9% | < 0.001 |
| Sedatives/hypnotics | 13.5% | 22.4% | 13.4% | < 0.001 |
| Modified Charlson Comorbidity Indexa | ||||
| 1 | 57.4% | 42.2% | 57.7% | < 0.001 |
| 2 | 23.1% | 26.0% | 23.1% | |
| 3 | 19.5% | 31.8% | 19.3% | |
| Smoker | ||||
| Never | 51.0% | 48.8% | 51.0% | < 0.001 |
| Past | 42.0% | 43.0% | 42.0% | |
| Current | 7.0% | 8.3% | 7.0% | |
| Alcohol (servings/wk) | 2.4 (4.9) | 1.8 (5.1) | 2.4 (4.9) | < 0.001 |
| Physical activity (MET-hrs/wk)b | 12.4 (13.7) | 9.3 (12.1) | 12.5 (13.8) | < 0.001 |
| Parityc | ||||
| 0 | 2.9% | 2.7% | 2.9% | < 0.001 |
| 1 | 9.8% | 9.9% | 9.8% | |
| 2 | 27.7% | 25.6% | 27.7% | |
| 3 | 26.6% | 24.1% | 26.7% | |
| 4 | 16.8% | 16.8% | 16.8% | |
| 5+ | 16.2% | 21.0% | 16.1% | |
| Clinical Trials Sub-cohort | 40.6% | 40.4% | 40.6% | 0.85 |
| Observational Study Sub-cohort | 59.4% | 59.6% | 59.4% | |
| Body mass index | ||||
| < 25 kg/m2 | 35.4% | 19.7% | 35.7% | < 0.001 |
| 25–30 kg/m2 | 34.6% | 29.6% | 34.7% | |
| > 30 kg/m2 | 30.0% | 50.7% | 29.6% | |
| Snoring | ||||
| No | 20.8% | 13.5% | 20.9% | < 0.001 |
| Don’t know | 51.5% | 51.1% | 51.5% | |
| Yes, ≤ 2 times per week | 11.0% | 9.7% | 11.0% | |
| Yes, ≥ 3 times per week | 16.8% | 25.7% | 16.6% | |
| Sleep quality | ||||
| Average | 42.0% | 43.5% | 42.0% | < 0.001 |
| Sound or restful | 41.7% | 31.0% | 41.9% | |
| Restless or worse | 16.3% | 25.5% | 16.2% | |
| Sleep fragmentation | ||||
| No | 22.0% | 12.7% | 22.2% | < 0.001 |
| Yes, ≤ 2 times per week | 38.4% | 26.6% | 38.6% | |
| Yes, ≥ 3 times per week | 39.6% | 60.7% | 39.3% | |
| Daytime sleepiness | < 0.001 | |||
| No | 24.9% | 20.9% | 24.9% | |
| Yes, ≤ 2 times per week | 48.6% | 44.6% | 48.6% | |
| Yes, ≥ 3 times per week | 26.6% | 34.5% | 26.4% | |
| Hypertension | 33.9% | 42.8% | 33.7% | < 0.001 |
Data are presented as mean (SD) or %.
a
Modified Charlson Comorbidity Index: 1 is defined as no comorbidities, 2 is defined as the presence of 1 comorbid condition, 3 is defined as the presence of 2 or more comorbidities.
b
MET is the abbreviation for Metabolic Equivalent of Task.
c
Parity is defined as the number of term pregnancies.