Gay-Stereotypic Trials				Stereotype-Neutral Trials				Straight-Stereotypic Trials
	d-prime		c		d-prime		c		d-prime		c
Study 1A	−0.02	(0.5)	−0.05	(0.5)	0.03	(0.5)	0.39*	(0.4)	0.06	(0.5)	0.45*	(0.4)
Study 1B	0.12	(0.4)	−0.06	(0.5)	0.09	(0.5)	0.33*	(0.4)	−0.07	(0.4)	0.37*	(0.4)
Study 2A	0.14*	(0.5)	−0.20*	(0.4)	0.19*	(0.4)	0.30*	(0.4)	0.21*	(0.4)	0.30*	(0.5)
Study 2B	0.22*	(0.5)	−0.20*	(0.4)	0.28*	(0.4)	0.28*	(0.4)	0.23*	(0.5)	0.21*	(0.5)
	Quality-Unmatched				Quality-Matched
	d-prime		c		d-prime		c
Study 3	0.12*	(0.3)	0.45*	(0.4)	−0.00	(0.3)	0.32*	(0.4)
Study 4	0.21*	(0.2)	0.43*	(0.5)	−0.07	(0.2)	0.66*	(0.6)

Note. Means and standard deviations of signal detection statistics for Studies 1–4. For each study, we coded the self-identified gay men’s and lesbian women’s pictures as “signal present” and the self-identified straight men’s and straight women’s pictures as “signal absent.”

All means that are significantly different from 0 via one-sample t-test (p < 0.05) are marked with an asterisk. Positive, significant d-prime statistics indicate that participants rated the gay men’s/lesbians’ pictures as gay/lesbian more often than the straight men’s/women’s pictures. Positive, significant c statistics indicate that, relative to chance, participants were overall biased towards guessing “straight,” whereas negative c statistics indicate that they were biased in favor of guessing “gay” or “lesbian.” Participants could only distinguish orientation from the pictures when they were not matched on quality, as in Study 2 and the Quality-Unmatched conditions of Studies 3 and 4. When the stimuli were matched for quality, no effect of picture arose.