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. 2016 Jan;14(1):8–22. doi: 10.2450/2016.0294-15

Table I.

Grading evidences and recommendations (adapted from the GRADE system).

Quality of evidence
A - High Further research is very unlikely to change our confidence in the estimate of effect.
  • Several high-quality studies with consistent results

  • In special cases: one large, high-quality multicentre trial

B - Moderate Further research is likely to have an important impact on our confidence in the estimate of effect and may change the estimate.
  • One high-quality study

  • Several studies with some limitations

C - Low Further research is very likely to have an important impact on our confidence in the estimate of effect and is likely to change the estimate.
  • One or more studies with severe limitations

D - Very low Any estimate of effect is very uncertain.
Expert opinion
  • No direct research evidence

  • One or more studies with very severe limitations


Strenght of recommendation

1 - Strong Factors influencing the strength of the recommendation included the quality of evidence, presumed patient-important outcomes, and cost.
2 - Weak Variability in preferences and values, or more uncertainty: more likely a weak recommendation is warranted. Recommendation is made with less certainty: high cost or resource consumption