Table 5.
Estimates of apparent diffusion coefficient values reported in human gallbladder using a mono-exponential fit
| Ref. | System | Field strength (T) | Sequence | TR/TE (ms/ms) | No. of patients/ mean age (SD) (yr) | b-values (s/mm2) | Mean ADC (SD) (× 10-3 mm2/s) |
| Yamada et al[24], 1999 | Siemens Vision | 1.5 | SS SE EPI, BH, FS | NR/123 | 62 | 0, 30, 300, 900, 1100 | 2.81 (0.36) |
| Yoshikawa et al[57], 2006 | Philips Intera | 1.5 | SS SE EPI, BH, SPIR | 1500/66 | 151 | 0, 600 | 3.50 (0.51) |
| 1Saremi et al[161], 2011 | a. SiemensAvanto b. SiemensTrio | a. 1.5 b. 3.0 | SS SE EPI, FS (1) BH, no PI (2) BH, PI (3) FB, PI | (1) 150/75 (2) 144/72 (3) 174/87 | 13 (2F, 11M)/46 (13) | 50, 400, 1000 | a. 2.6 (0.4) b. 2.6 (0.3) |
| Miquel et al[34], 2012 | Philips Achieva | 1.5 | SS SE EPI, FB | (5300-5800)/62 | 10 (7F, 3M)/32.3 (4.6) | 100, 200, 500, 750, 1000 | V1: 2.93 (0.20) V2: 2.91 (0.21) |
| Corona-Villalobos et al[58], 2013 | Siemens Avanto | 1.5 | SS SE EPI, BH | (1) 3000/(69-79) (2) 2500/(76-95) | 100 (36F, 64M)/60.4 (14.3) | (1) 0, 750 (2) 0, 50, 100, 200, 300, 450, 600, 750 | (1) 3.01 (0.33) (2) 2.74 (0.37) |
| Donati et al[56], 2014 | (1) Siemens Sonata (2) Siemens Trio | 1.5 3.0 | SS SE EPI, FB, FS | (5000-6225)/(36-76) | 10 (10M)/36.6 (7.7) | 0, 1000 | (1) 2.585 (0.354) (2) 2.506 (0.223) |
| (3) Philips Achieva | 1.5 | (3) 2.657 (0.229) | |||||
| (4) Philips Achieva | 3.0 | (4) 2.718 (0.327) | |||||
| (5) GE Signa | 1.5 | (5) 2.670 (0.312) | |||||
| (6) GE Discovery | 3.0 | (6) 2.785 (0.477) |
Some studies were carried out with more b-values than specified in the following table to compute intravoxel incoherent motion-specific parameters.
1
Mean ADC of the three sequences reported in the paper. ADC: Apparent diffusion coefficient; F: Female; M: Male; NR: Not reported; SS: Single shot; SE: Spin echo; EPI: Echo planar imaging; RF: Radiofrequency; RT: Respiratory triggered; NC: Navigator controlled; FB: Free breathing; BH: Breath-hold; BHI: Breath-hold end inspiratory; BHE: Breath-hold end expiratory; SPIR: Spectral pre-saturation with inversion recovery; PI: Parallel imaging.