Table 8.
Estimates of apparent diffusion coefficient values reported in the normal fibroglandular breast tissue using a mono-exponential fit
| Ref. | System | Field strength (T) | Sequence | TR/TE (ms/ms) | No. of patients/mean age (SD) | b-values (s/mm2) | Mean ADC (SD) (× 10-3 mm2/s) |
| Englander et al[181], 1997 | GE Signa | 1.5 | SE | (2 or 3)HB/100 | 4/32 (2.6) | 12.48, 611.31, 199.61, 449.12, 77.97, 311.89, 112.28 | 1.64 (0.19) |
| Partridge et al[17], 2001 | GE Signa | 1.5 | SS FSE | 8000/86 | 8/27 | 0, 578 | n = 6, W1: 1.72 (0.23) W2: 1.61 (0.22) W3: 1.66 (0.17) W4: 1.75 (0.17) |
| Sinha et al[105], 2002 | GE Signa | 1.5 | SS EPI | 5000/72 | 16 | 0, 269, 537, 806, 1074 | 2.37 (0.27) |
| Woodhamset al[106], 2005 | GE Signa | 1.5 | SS SE EPI | 5000/61.8 | 190/53 | 0, 750, 1000 | 2.09 (0.27) |
| Park et al[182], 2007 | GE Signa | 1.5 | SS EPI | 6000/75 | 41/53.1 | 0, 1000 | 1.51 (0.29) |
| Yoshikawa et al[107], 2008 | Philips Intera | 1.5 | SS SE EPI | 6238/90 | 27 | 0, 200, 400, 600, 800 | 1.96 (0.21) |
| Kim et al[119], 2009 | GE Signa | 1.5 | SS SE EPI | 6000/75 | 67/54 | 0, 1000 | 1.59 (0.27) |
| Baron et al[114], 2010 | Siemens Avanto | 1.5 | SS SE EPI, (1) FS (2) STIR (3) SPAIR (4) WaterExcitation | 3000/93 | 7/26.6 | 0, 20, 40, 60, 80, 100, 150, 200, 300, 400, 500, 600 | (1) 1.99 (2) 2.02 (3) 2.03 (4) 2.06 overall 2.03 (0.03) |
| Partridge et al[44], 2010 | GE Signa | 1.5 | SS SE EPI | 7 s/71.5 | 12/36 (median) | 0, 600, 1000 | 1.95 (0.24) |
| O’Flynn et al[109], 2012 | Philips Achieva | 3.0 | SS SE EPI, SPAIR, SSGR | 3771/67 | 31/45.9 13 PRM/36.6 18 PM/55.2 | (1) 0, 100, 150, 200, 350, 700, 1200 (2) 100, 150, 200, 350, 700, 1200 | PRM, (1) 1.84 (0.26) (2) 1.77 (0.26) PM, (1) 1.46 (0.3) (2) 1.33 (0.3) |
| Tagliafico et al[183], 2012 | GE Signa | 3.0 | SS EPI | 16675/NR | 60/57 (median) | 0, 1000 | 1.92 (0.30) |
| AlRashidi et al[108], 2012 | Philips Achieva | 3.0 | SS SE EPI, SPAIR | 9543/50 | 26 | 0, 50, 150, 800 | MC, W1: 2.18 (0.38) W2: 2.20 (0.39) W3: 2.22 (0.38) W4: 2.22 (0.33) |
| McDonald et al[184], 2014 | Philips Achieva | 3.0 | SS SE EPI | 5336/61 | 103/47 (11) | 0, 800 | 1.62 (0.30) |
Some studies were carried out with more b-values than specified in the following table to compute intravoxel incoherent motion-specific parameters. ADC: Apparent diffusion coefficient; F: Female; M: Male; NR: Not reported; SS: Single shot; SE: Spin echo; EPI: Echo planar imaging; FSE: Fast spin echo; RF: Radiofrequency; RT: Respiratory triggered; NC: Navigator controlled; FB: Free breathing; BH: Breath-hold; HB: Heart beats; n: Number of patients; SPAIR: Spectral selection attenuated inversion recovery; SSGR: Slice selection gradient reversal; FS: Fat suppression; AX: Axial; SAG: Sagittal; MC: Menstrual cycle; PM: Post-menopause; PRM: Pre-menopause; W: Week; L: Left; R: Right.