Table 1.
Participant characteristics: cognitive test scores and ratings.
| Cognitive ability and ratings | Control group Mean (SD) | ADHD-symptom group Mean (SD) | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age in years | 10,3 N = 31 | 10,1 N = 15 | |||
| Cognitive abilities | |||||
| Picture concepts, ss | 10.4 (1.8) | 9.1 (2.2) | |||
| Similarities, ss | 9.8 (2.4) | 8.3 (2.5)∗ | |||
| Working memory | |||||
| Digit span forward ss | 8.5 (2.2) | 7.1 (2.0)∗ | |||
| Digit span backward ss | 9.0 (2.5) | 7.1 (1.9)∗∗ | |||
| Repetition of sentences ss | 6.4 (2.1) | 4.5 (1.2)∗∗∗ | |||
| Sustained and divided attention | |||||
| Score ss | 8.2 (2.9) | 6.2 (2.7)∗ | |||
| Score doubleT ss | 9.2 (4.5) | 4.9 (2.6)∗∗∗ | |||
| Ratings | Parents N = 29 | Teachers N = 31 | Parents N = 9 | Teachers N = 13 | |
| Attention ability | 4.5 (0.8) | 4.4 (1.0) | 2.6 (0.6)∗∗∗ | 2.5 (0.8)∗∗∗ | |
| Activity level | 4.9 (0.9) | 4.4 (1.0) | 3.3 (0.7)∗∗∗ | 3.0 (1.0)∗∗∗ | |
| Skills | |||||
| Reading | 5.0 (1.3) | 4.4 (1.2) | 3.9 (1.4) | 3.4 (1.6) | |
| Arithmetic | 5.3 (1.1) | 4.7 (1.2) | 4.3 (1.5) | 3.5 (1.2)∗∗ | |
| Oral communication | 5.1 (1.3) | 4.6 (1.0) | 4.0 (1.4) | 3.4 (1.2)∗∗ | |
| General school performance | 5.1 (1.0) | 4.6 (1.0) | 3.3 (0.9)∗∗∗ | 3.3 (1.2)∗∗ | |
| Social ability with peers | 5.3 (1.2) | 4.6 (1.0) | 4.7 (1.3) | 3.5 (0.9)∗∗∗ | |
| Hearing | 5.0 (1.2) | 4.3 (0.7) | 4.8 (1.0) | 4.1 (0.6) | |
Group comparison Welch’s F. ∗p < 0.05, ∗∗p < 0.01, ∗∗∗p < 0.001.
N = number of participants in each group and number of participants rated by parents and teachers.
ss = scaled scores 1–19. Rating scale: scores 1–7.