ECSW therapy protected myelin sheath and Schwann cells against diabetic mellitus damage in sciatic nerve (n=10). (A-C) Illustrating the microscopic finding (400x) of Kleihauer-Betke (KB) staining for identifying the number of myelin sheath (black arrows). Smaller solid-line square was magnified as lager dotted-line square for clear identification of myelin sheath in three groups (i.e., A-C), respectively. (D) Statistic analysis for the number of myelin sheath in three groups, * vs. other group with different symbols, p<0.001. (E-G) Illustrating the microscopic finding (400x) of immunohistochemical staining (i.e., staining of myelin basic protein) for identification of number of Schwann cells (dark-gray color) in sciatic nerve. (H) Statistic analysis for the number of Schwann cell in three groups, * vs. other group with different symbols, p<0.001. The scale bars in right lower zcorner represent 20 µm. All statistical analyses using one-way ANOVA, followed by Bonferroni multiple comparison post hoc test. Symbols (*, †, ‡) indicate significance (at 0.05 level). AMC=aged matched control; DM=diabetes mellitus; SW=shock wave.