Figure 2.

Vitamin D pretreatment decreased IR-induced oxidative stress and inflammatory milieu in the livers. Livers were harvested six hours after reperfusion. A. The Mn SOD activity, catalase activity, and GSH/GSSG ratio were decreased, while MDA was increased by IR injury. Vitamin D, by itself, did not affect these variables but ameliorated the effects of IR injury. B. The TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-2 were significantly higher in control mice as compared with that of vitamin D treated mice. In sharp contrast, IL-10 was significantly higher in vitamin D treated mice after IR induction. C. Double staining of liver sections with monoclonal antibodies against MPO and DAPI, followed by fluorescence immunodetection in sections of mice livers. Data represent mean ± S.D. (*p<0.05, **p<0.01).