Table 6. Prevalence of Medical Conditions and Symptoms*.
| Symptoms | N | Overall | NormalMitochondrialFunction | AbnormalMitochondrialFunction |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Infectious | ||||
| Ear Infections1 | 28 | 79% (22/28) | 83% (10/12) | 75% (12/16) |
| Sinusitis1 | 29 | 31% (9/29) | 23% (3/13) | 38% (6/16) |
| Throat Infections1 | 29 | 14% (4/29) | 15% (2/13) | 13% (2/16) |
| Immune Problem2 | 30 | 13% (4/30) | 15% (2/13) | 12% (2/17) |
| Allergic | ||||
| Asthma2 | 30 | 40% (12/30) | 46% (6/13) | 35% (6/17) |
| Allergies1 | 29 | 3% (1/29) | 8% (1/13) | 0% (0/17) |
| Gastrointestinal problems | ||||
| Vomiting1 | 30 | 20% (6/30) | 23% (3/13) | 18% (3/17) |
| Gastroesophageal Reflux1 | 29 | 35% (10/29) | 23% (3/13) | 43% (7/16) |
| Diarrhea1 | 30 | 30% (9/30) | 25% (3/12) | 33% (6/18) |
| Constipation1 | 30 | 57% (17/30) | 54% (7/13) | 59% (10/17) |
| Abdominal pain1 | 25 | 28% (7/25) | 25% (3/12) | 31% (4/13) |
| Feeding Problems1 | 31 | 39% (12/31) | 15% (2/13) | 56% (10/18) |
| Growth Problems | ||||
| Failure to Thrive2 | 31 | 32% (10/31) | 15% (2/13) | 44% (8/18) |
| Short Stature2 | 30 | 30% (9/30) | 23% (3/13) | 35% (6/17) |
| Tall Stature2 | 30 | 33% (10/30) | 46% (6/13) | 24% (4/17) |
| Obese2 | 30 | 20% (6/30) | 23% (3/13) | 18% (3/17) |
| Microcephaly2 | 30 | 23% (7/30) | 23% (3/13) | 24% (4/17) |
| Macrocephaly2 | 29 | 21% (6/29) | 33% (4/12) | 12% (2/17) |
| Constitutional | ||||
| Heat Intolerance2 | 29 | 76% (22/29) | 64% (7/11) | 83% (15/18) |
| Lack of Sweating2 | 31 | 68% (21/31) | 69% (9/13) | 67% (12/18) |
| Exercise Intolerance2 | 30 | 53% (16/30) | 38% (5/13) | 65% (11/17) |
| Fatigue2 | 31 | 19% (6/31) | 8% (1/13) | 28% (5/18) |
| Musculoskeletal | ||||
| Weakness1 | 30 | 20% (6/30) | 15% (2/13) | 24% (4/17) |
| Bone or Joint Problem2 | 30 | 10% (3/30) | 15% (2/13) | 19% (3/16) |
| Other Health Problems | ||||
| Heart Condition2 | 30 | 17% (5/30) | 8% (1/13) | 24% (4/17) |
| Urogenital Problem2 | 30 | 33% (10/30) | 31% (4/13) | 35% (6/17) |
| Skin Problem2 | 28 | 7% (2/28) | 8% (1/13) | 18% (3/17) |
| Thyroid Problems2 | 28 | 7% (2/28) | 8% (1/12) | 6% (1/16) |
| Dental problems1 | 30 | 17% (5/30) | 15% (2/13) | 18% (3/17) |
| Neurosensory | ||||
| Vision Problems1 | 29 | 28% (8/29) | 25% (3/12) | 29% (5/17) |
| Hearing Problems1 | 30 | 10% (3/30) | 15% (2/13) | 6% (1/17) |
| Headache1 | 14 | 14% (2/14) | 14% (1/7) | 14% (1/7) |
| Seizure2 | 29 | 48% (14/29) | 42% (5/12) | 53% (9/17) |
| Tics2 | 29 | 31% (9/29) | 46% (6/13) | 19% (3/16) |
| Strabismus2 | 31 | 26% (8/31) | 23% (3/13) | 28% (5/18) |
| Psychiatric Problems | ||||
| Bipolar Disorder2 | 24 | 8% (2/24) | 18% (2/11) | 0% (0/13) |
| Anxiety Disorder2 | 24 | 25% (6/24) | 18% (2/11) | 31% (4/13) |
| Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder2 | 29 | 38% (11/29) | 38% (5/13) | 38% (6/16) |
| Attention Deficit Hyperactivity DO2 | 30 | 47% (14/30) | 38% (5/13) | 53% (9/17) |
| Regression | ||||
| Regression Reported | 30 | 74% (22/30) | 71% (10/14) | 75% (12/16) |
| Loss of Language | 21 | 73% (16/22) | 70% (7/10) | 75% (9/12) |
| Loss of Social Skills | 21 | 45% (10/22) | 30% (3/10) | 58% (7/12) |
| Loss of Gross Motor Skills | 21 | 32% (7/22) | 30% (3/10) | 33% (4/12) |
| Loss of Fine Motor Skills | 21 | 32% (7/22) | 10% (1/10) | 50% (6/12) |
| Proximal Trigger | 21 | 45% (10/22) | 30% (3/10) | 58% (7/12) |
| ASD Regression Typical Age | 21 | 32% (7/22) | 30% (3/10) | 33% (4/12) |
| Mean (SD) Age at Regression (in Months) | 21 | 62 (38) | 66 (40) | 59 (38) |
| Multiple Regressions | 21 | 45% (10/22) | 50% (5/10) | 42% (5/12) |
| Vanderbilt Questionnaires | ||||
| Attention Problems | 30 | 27% (8/30) | 50% (6/12) | 11% (2/18) |
| Hyperactivity Problems | 30 | 20% (6/30) | 33% (4/12) | 11% (2/18) |
| Oppositional Defiant Disorder | 30 | 10% (3/30) | 25% (3/12) | 0% (0/18) |
| Conduct Disorder | 30 | 0% (0/30) | 0% (0/12) | 0% (0/18) |
| Anxiety Depression | 30 | 0% (0/30) | 0% (0/12) | 0% (0/18) |
| Sleep Questionnaire | ||||
| Amount of Sleep | ||||
| Weekday Sleep (Minutes/Night) | 30 | 600 (60) | 580 (54) | 615 (61) |
| Weekend Sleep (Minutes/Night) | 30 | 604 (65) | 568 (45) | 631 (65) |
| Sleep Quality | ||||
| Good | 30 | 33% (10/30) | 36% (4/12) | 33% (6/18) |
| Mildly Abnormal | 30 | 53% (16/30) | 58% (7/12) | 50% (9/18) |
| Severely Abnormal | 30 | 13% (4/30) | 8% (1/12) | 17% (/318) |
| Sleep Component (%Poor) | ||||
| Bedtime Resistance | 30 | 7% (2/30) | 0% (0/12) | 11% (2/18) |
| Sleep Onset Delay | 30 | 7% (2/30) | 8% (1/12) | 6% (1/18) |
| Sleep Duration | 30 | 17% (5/30) | 17% (2/12) | 17% (3/18) |
| Sleep Anxiety | 30 | 10% (3/30) | 17% (2/12) | 6% (1/18) |
| Night Waking | 30 | 20% (6/30) | 17% (2/12) | 22% (4/18) |
| Parasomnias | 30 | 33% (10/30) | 25% (3/12) | 39% (7/18) |
| Sleep Disordered Breathing | 30 | 10% (3/30) | 17% (2/12) | 6% (1/18) |
| Daytime Sleepiness | 30 | 7% (2/30) | 8% (1/12) | 6% (1/18) |
| Alternative Therapies | ||||
| Special Diets | ||||
| Atkin’s Diet | 31 | 0% (0/31) | 0% (0/13) | 0% (0/18) |
| Casein-Free Diet | 32 | 13% (4/32) | 14% (2/14) | 9% (2/18) |
| Elemental Diet | 31 | 0% (0/31) | 0% (0/13) | 0% (0/18) |
| Gluten-Free Diet | 32 | 13% (4/32) | 21% (3/14) | 6% (1/18) |
| Ketogenic Diet | 31 | 0% (0/31) | 0% (0/13) | 0% (0/18) |
| No Processed Sugar | 31 | 3% (1/31) | 8% (1/13) | 0% (0/18) |
| Specific Carbohydrate Diet | 31 | 0% (0/31) | 0% (0/13) | 0% (0/18) |
| Gastrointestinal Therapies | ||||
| Digestive enzymes | 31 | 10% (3/31) | 8% (1/13) | 11% (2/18) |
| Probiotic | 32 | 34% (11/32) | 36% (5/14) | 33% (6/18) |
| Vitamin Supplementations | ||||
| Amino Acids | 31 | 0% (0/31) | 0% (0/13) | 0% (0/18) |
| B12 | 32 | 3% (1/32) | 7% (1/14) | 0% (0/18) |
| Carnitine/Acetyl-L-Carnitine | 31 | 7% (2/31) | 0% (0/13) | 11% (2/18) |
| Essential Fatty Acids | 31 | 7% (2/31) | 7% (1/13) | 6% (1/18) |
| Folinic Acid | 31 | 0% (0/31) | 0% (0/13) | 0% (0/18) |
| Glutathione | 31 | 0% (0/31) | 0% (0/13) | 0% (0/18) |
| High-dose B Vitamins | 31 | 7% (2/31) | 15% (2/13) | 0% (0/18) |
| N-Acetyl-cysteine | 31 | 0% (0/31) | 0% (0/13) | 0% (0/18) |
| Other Therapies | ||||
| Chiropractic | 32 | 6% (2/32) | 14% (2/14) | 0% (0/18) |
| Homeopathy | 31 | 7% (2/31) | 15% (2/13) | 0% (0/18) |
*Questions not included in Table 4 because no positive answers were obtained include congenital heart disease, heart failure, growth hormone deficiency, syncopy, ophthalmoplegia, cerebral palsy, depression and schizophrenia.
1Current or Previous with Moderate or Severe Severity.
2Current or Previous with Any Severity.